Question

求翻译古文（急急急........哪位高手帮帮忙，感激不尽

《马氏文通》里的一段，麻烦帮帮忙翻译一下，能翻译多少算多少，谢谢！
构文之道，不外虚实两字，实字其体骨，虚字其神情也。而经传中实字易训，虚字难释。颜氏家训有音辞篇，于古训罕有发明。独一尔雅说文二书，解说经传之词气，最为近似，然亦时有结一为病者。至以虚实之字措诸句读间，凡操笔为文者，皆知其当然盎其当然之所以然，虽经师通儒亦有所不知。间尝谓孟子‘亲之欲其贵也，爱之欲其富也，’两句中「之」「其」两字，皆指象言，何以不能相易？论语‘须之能勿劳乎，忠焉能勿诲乎，’两句之法相似，何为「之」「焉」二字变用而不得相通？‘俎豆之事，则尝闻之矣，军旅之事，未之学也，’两句之法亦要同，「矣」「也」二字何亦不能互变？凡此之类，会以叩攻小学者，则皆知其如是，不卒不知其所以如是。是书为之曲证分解，辨析毫厘，务令壹者知所曲别而后施之於文，各得其当。若未得其真解，必将穷年累月伊吾不辍，执笔之下，犹且一耳谋，与口谋，方能一其取舍。劳逸难易，迥殊霄壤。

Answer 1

写文章的法子，不外乎虚实两个字。实字（现代汉语中所谓的实词，不过古代汉语中，一般一个字就是一个词，所以称为实字）是文章的骨干，虚字（虚词）表达的是文章的情态、神采。而古代的儒家经典和解释经典的传文里面，实字容易翻译，虚字则很难解释（思想内容很好说明，但文中的情态神采却很难表达）。《颜氏家训》中有一篇叫“音辞篇”，对古代已有的解释少有自己的发挥。只依靠《尔雅》《说文》两本书，解说儒家经典和解释经典的传文中词句、情采，最接近原文的意思。然而也时时有无法表达情采的毛病。

至于每一句之中都应有实字有虚字交错杂陈，凡是写文章的人，都知道这是理所当然的，但为什么要这样，则即便是精通经文的大师，博学的儒者也有所不知。

有人曾经问我说，“《孟子》的‘亲之欲其贵也，爱之欲其富也（因为亲爱他，就想使他富贵）。’两句中「之」「其」两字，都是代词，代指象（舜的弟弟），为什么不能对换呢？《论语》中‘爱之能勿劳乎，忠焉能勿诲乎（爱他能够不觉得劳苦吗，忠于他能够无悔吗？）’两句的句法相似，为什么要使用「之」「焉」两个不同的字，不使用同一个字呢？‘俎豆之事，则尝闻之矣，军旅之事，未之学也（祭祀礼仪之类的事，我听说过；用兵打仗的事，我没有学过）’两句的句法也相同，「矣」「也」两个为什么不能互换使用？凡是这一类的问题，拿来问学小学（小学：“传统语言文字学”，不是指现在的“小学”）的人，都知道确是这样，却不知道为什么应该是这样。这本书（《马氏文通》）就要把这些问题细细地剖析，详细证明、解释，务必使得读者能够知道虚字之间的区别，然后能够恰到好处地使用它们来写文章。如果没能得到正确的解释，我必定会积年累月研究不止，写下研究成果之时，必定会反复读，反复听，（反复体会），才决定取舍。这其中的劳逸难易，比天地之间的差别还要大啊。（最后这一句可能有误， 一耳谋，与口谋，不太清除含义，只是猜测而已）

Answer 2

Man of the Road, no more than the word actual situation is really the word of their bone, its expression is also virtual characters. The transfer of real characters easily by training, virtual characters difficult interpretation. Family Instructions have audio speech articles, rare in the old maxim invention. Ya Wen said the sole two books, words of explanation by the transfer gas, the most similar, however also end when one is sick. To the actual situation of the character to measure between various sentences and phrases, where operating document for the writers, known for its course, why they ounces of its course, despite the division Tongru also do not know. Changwei between Mencius 'parents wish him to you too, love For the rich are,' two of "the" "their" words, words are like that, why not with easily? The Analects of Confucius 'Do not labor it can be almost, almost Hui Zhong how can he do not,' two of the method is similar to what "the" and "Yan" and not connected with the word change? 'ZU bean things, then Changwen of men, and military affairs, not the school also,' two of the law have to with, "carry on" "also" what the word can not change each other? The above activities and the like, will knock those who attack schools, then known it and if so, do not pawn do not know its so so. Whom the book is the decomposition of song cards, analyze the least bit, Service One who knows the song that do not then applied the Arts, all-win when. If not obtaining the true solution, certainly months and months into years, Yiwu stopped working poor, who wrote under the Jewish and an ear to seek, and I seek, can only one of their choice. Ease of work and rest, utterly different soil Xiao

Answer 3

凡字有事理可解者曰实字，无解而惟以助实字之情态者曰虚字