Question

商务贸易合同翻译

催证、审证和改证
在履行以信用证付款的合同时，对信用证的掌握、管理和使用直接关系到我国对外政策的贯彻和收汇的安全。信用证的掌握、管理和使用主要包括催证、审证和改证等项内容，这也是履行合同的一项重要工作。
依据合同进行认真的核对与审查。一般来说，在审查国外来证时，应考虑下列四个方面：
a. 政治上是否符合我国对外政策；
b. 对安全及时收汇是否有保障；
c. 对与我国贸易协定的国家的来证是否符合协定的规定；
d. 来证的条款是否符合合同规定，证内所列条款，我方能否履行。
在实际业务中，银行和进出口公司共同承担审证任务。其中，银行着重审核开证行的政治背景、资信能力、付款责任和索汇路线等方面的内容，进出口公司则着重审核的内容一般应包括以下几个方面：
a. 政治性的审查涉。
b. 开证银行资信的审查
c. 对信用证的性质与开证行付款责任的审查
上述3点，也是银行审证的重点，进出口公司只作复核性审查。
d. 对信用证金额与货币的审查
e. 对商品的品质、规格、数量、包装等条款的审查
f. 对信用证规定的装运期、有效期和到期地点的审查
g. 对单据的审查：
h. 对其他特殊条款的审查
（3）改证
对信用用证进行了全面细致的审核以后，如果发现问题，应区别问题的性质，分别同银行、动输、保险、商检等有关部门研究，做出恰当妥善的处理。对不可撤销信用证中任何条款的修改，都必须在有关当事人全部同意后才能生效。
租船、订舱和装运
各进出口公司在备货的同时，如系C.I.F.或C.F.R.合同，还必须做好租船订舱工作，办理报关、投保等手续。
（1）租船订舱
（2）报关
（3）投保
凡是按C.I.F.价格成交的出口合同，卖方在装船前，须及时中国人民保险公司办理投保手续，填制投保单。出口商品的投保的续一般都是逐笔办理的。投保人在投保时应将货物名称、保额、运输路线、运输工具、开航日期、投保险等。
制单结汇
出口货物装出之后，进出口公司即应按照信用证的规定，正确缮制各种单据。在食用证规定的交单有效期内，递交银行办理议付结汇续。
我国出口结汇的办法有3种：收妥结汇、押汇和定期结汇。
索赔和理赔
我们在处理索赔时，应注意下列各点：
a. 要认真细致地审核国外买方提出的单证和出证机构的合法性。对其检验的标准和方法也都要一一核对，以防买方串通检验机构弄虚作假或国外的检验机构检验有误。
b. 要认真作好调查研究，弄清事实，分清责任。
2. 进口合同的履行
履行进口合同的主要环节是：开立信用证、租船订舱和装运、保险、审单和付汇、报关和接货、验收和拨交、进口索赔

Answer 1

Reminder cards, certificates and change the trial evidence
In the performance of the contract by letter of credit, letters of credit control, management and use directly related to the implementation of China's foreign policy and security exchange earnings. Letters of credit control, management and use include reminder cards, the trial evidence and other items of evidence to change the content, which is an important task to perform the contract.
Based on contract carefully check and review. In general, the review of foreign countries permits should consider the following four aspects:
a. compliance with our foreign policy, politics;
b. on the safe and timely exchange earnings are guaranteed;
c. China's trade agreements with countries to permit compliance with the provisions of the Agreement;
d. to permit compliance with the terms of the contract, the evidence set out in the terms of our ability to perform.
In the practical business, banking and import-export companies share the task of the trial evidence. Among them, the bank focused on examination of the political background of the issuing bank, credit capacity, payment responsibility and cable lines and other aspects of the exchange, import and export companies focus on the content of audit should normally include the following:
a. review of political interference.
b. review of credit issuing bank
c. the nature of the letter of credit issuing bank and the payment obligations of the review
The above 3 points, the trial evidence is the focus of banks, only for cross-checking of import and export company reviewed.
d. the amount of the credit and monetary review
e. the quality of the product, specifications, quantity, packaging, etc. Review articles
f. shipment under letters of credit, validity and expiry review of venue
g. review of the documents:
h. a review of other special provisions
(3) to change card
On the credit card of a comprehensive and detailed review later, if found, it should be differentiated nature of the problem, respectively, with banks, fixed transportation, insurance, inspection and other relevant departments to make proper proper treatment. Irrevocable letter of credit on the modification of any provision of all the parties concerned all agreed to be take effect.
Chartering, booking and shipment
The import and export company stocking the same time, the case of CIF or CFR contract, charter booking must do the work, go through customs, insurance and other formalities.
(1) charter booking
(2) declaration
(3) insurance
CIF price of all transactions in accordance with the export contract, the seller before shipment, to insure timely processing PICC procedures, filling in the application form. The insured's continued export commodities are generally handled case by case basis. Policyholders in insurance should be the name of the goods, insurance coverage, transportation routes, means of transport, sailing date, investment and insurance.
Single settlement system
After loading the exported goods, import and export company that should be in accordance with the provisions of the letter of credit, the right Shanzhi various documents. Certificate in food delivery under a single period, submit bank negotiation settlement continued.
China's exports are three kinds of settlement methods: receipt of foreign exchange and bills and regular settlement.
Claims and adjustments
We are in the processing of claims, should observe the following points:
a., careful examination of foreign buyer of documents and certification organization's legitimacy. Its inspection standards and methods must all be checked to prevent fraudulent buyer collusion testing agencies or foreign inspection institution is wrong.
b. To draw up research, find out the facts, clearly define the responsibilities.
2. Import performance of the contract
Perform the main part of import contracts are: the opening letters of credit, charter booking and shipment, insurance, trial orders and payment, clearing and receiving, inspection, and made available to import claims

Answer 2

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