天龙八部的客户端的英文怎么说
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The Eight Creatures 天龙八部 of the Planes of Needs described in the Buddhist scriptures are eight kinds of beings which often come to listen to the teachings of Buddha. They are:
Deva 天 is the holy being that lives in heavens. It enjoys the highest bliss among all living creatures. Higher Devas live for millions of years, even kalpas. Being able to change their forms by will, they travel all places. The holiest ones of Devas are Bodhisattvas 菩萨. Others are Guardians of Dharma 护法. The unholy ones are called Deva-maras 天魔 who turn away from Buddha. They might then postpone the fate of reincarnation to the hell by turning into pure Maras, who establish their own dominions in any plane of existence. Devas or Maras may also be born in the Plane of Forms or Formlessness.
Naga 龙 looks like a scaled and limbless serpent that can fly, swim and burrow. They can be classified by four ways of birth. Some hatch dry eggs on land or spawn wet eggs in water. Others are germinated from embryos or simply dead bodies. The sizes of Nagas range from very small to very large. They like to sleep long and hoard treasure. Some can alter their faces while others can change their torsos but often not the whole bodies. They can turn to invisible except the moment when they are being born, dying, having sex, being infuriated, and sleeping. They can harm people by roars, gazes, breaths, or mere touches. On the contrary, they suffer from scorching of hot wind or sandstorms, loss of properties due to sudden hurricanes, and frequent devouring by Garudas. Older Nagas can wield rainstorms by will.
Yaksa 夜叉 is a fierce and agile spectre which can devour other ghosts. It seldom changes its body form by magic but can shift its visibility to the human eyes easily by will. More than that, Yaksas can hide themselves or conceal objects into the surroundings superbly even if they cannot make things invisible to the sharp eyes. According to the speeds of travelling in the air, they can be further separated into three classes, namely, Heavenly Yaksas, Void Yaksas, and Earthly Yaksas, from the fastest to the slowest.
Ghandarva 乾闼婆 is a scent spirit which feeds on smells alone. Those who inhale fragrance sparkle like jewels while those who suck stench loom like monsters. Most often, good ones serve Devas as entertainers while bad ones serve Asuras as wardens. They can also be attracted by incense or fresh blood.
Asura 阿修罗 is an Anti-deva. Generally, females look very beautiful while males look very ugly. They have heavenly powers but no saintly merit. They solve problems by force before reason. Violence is honour to them. Thus they often equip themselves with the most advanced fighting methods. As they usually live under the sky, they constantly war against Devas for the rulership of heavenly domains. Sometimes they succeed but not rule for long. Asuras are jealous of human beings who enjoy more pleasure than them. But they hate Devas and their companions the most. They can be classified into Heavenly Asuras, Ghostly Asuras, and Bestial Asuras. Heavenly ones have the highest magic power while bestial ones have the strongest fighting skills.
Garuda 迦楼罗 is a rare gigantic golden bird which preys on Nagas. The biggest one may cover a whole continent! They can soar to the highest heaven and sink to the deepest abyss. Even the Asura Kings dare not mess them about. They die not because of age but the accumulation of many different poisons from Naga blood. When the moment comes, all the venoms react and burst into a big fire which burns the whole Garuda, leaving behind a crystal seed among the ashes. From this crystal, a new Garuda will be born.
Kinnara 紧那罗 appears like a man with a horn on its forehead. They are spirits of music. Males are good at singing and females are good at dancing. While they seem to have good lives, most suffer from slavery by Asuras.
Mahoraga 摩喉罗伽 is a great python spirit. It has a human torso and a python head. They may have more than two arms. Those who have two legs rule over those who have snake tails only. Mahoragas who do not accept Buddhahood usually form cults for other lesser beings on earth.
Notice that the definition of the Eight Creatures is different from that of the Eight Ghosts who are governed by the Four Deva Princes in the lowest heaven of the Plane of Needs. The Eight Ghosts includes Ghandarva, Pisaca 毗舍?, Kumbhanda 鸠槃荼, Preta 薜荔多, Naga, Putana 富单那, Yaksa and Raksasa 罗刹.
Deva 天 is the holy being that lives in heavens. It enjoys the highest bliss among all living creatures. Higher Devas live for millions of years, even kalpas. Being able to change their forms by will, they travel all places. The holiest ones of Devas are Bodhisattvas 菩萨. Others are Guardians of Dharma 护法. The unholy ones are called Deva-maras 天魔 who turn away from Buddha. They might then postpone the fate of reincarnation to the hell by turning into pure Maras, who establish their own dominions in any plane of existence. Devas or Maras may also be born in the Plane of Forms or Formlessness.
Naga 龙 looks like a scaled and limbless serpent that can fly, swim and burrow. They can be classified by four ways of birth. Some hatch dry eggs on land or spawn wet eggs in water. Others are germinated from embryos or simply dead bodies. The sizes of Nagas range from very small to very large. They like to sleep long and hoard treasure. Some can alter their faces while others can change their torsos but often not the whole bodies. They can turn to invisible except the moment when they are being born, dying, having sex, being infuriated, and sleeping. They can harm people by roars, gazes, breaths, or mere touches. On the contrary, they suffer from scorching of hot wind or sandstorms, loss of properties due to sudden hurricanes, and frequent devouring by Garudas. Older Nagas can wield rainstorms by will.
Yaksa 夜叉 is a fierce and agile spectre which can devour other ghosts. It seldom changes its body form by magic but can shift its visibility to the human eyes easily by will. More than that, Yaksas can hide themselves or conceal objects into the surroundings superbly even if they cannot make things invisible to the sharp eyes. According to the speeds of travelling in the air, they can be further separated into three classes, namely, Heavenly Yaksas, Void Yaksas, and Earthly Yaksas, from the fastest to the slowest.
Ghandarva 乾闼婆 is a scent spirit which feeds on smells alone. Those who inhale fragrance sparkle like jewels while those who suck stench loom like monsters. Most often, good ones serve Devas as entertainers while bad ones serve Asuras as wardens. They can also be attracted by incense or fresh blood.
Asura 阿修罗 is an Anti-deva. Generally, females look very beautiful while males look very ugly. They have heavenly powers but no saintly merit. They solve problems by force before reason. Violence is honour to them. Thus they often equip themselves with the most advanced fighting methods. As they usually live under the sky, they constantly war against Devas for the rulership of heavenly domains. Sometimes they succeed but not rule for long. Asuras are jealous of human beings who enjoy more pleasure than them. But they hate Devas and their companions the most. They can be classified into Heavenly Asuras, Ghostly Asuras, and Bestial Asuras. Heavenly ones have the highest magic power while bestial ones have the strongest fighting skills.
Garuda 迦楼罗 is a rare gigantic golden bird which preys on Nagas. The biggest one may cover a whole continent! They can soar to the highest heaven and sink to the deepest abyss. Even the Asura Kings dare not mess them about. They die not because of age but the accumulation of many different poisons from Naga blood. When the moment comes, all the venoms react and burst into a big fire which burns the whole Garuda, leaving behind a crystal seed among the ashes. From this crystal, a new Garuda will be born.
Kinnara 紧那罗 appears like a man with a horn on its forehead. They are spirits of music. Males are good at singing and females are good at dancing. While they seem to have good lives, most suffer from slavery by Asuras.
Mahoraga 摩喉罗伽 is a great python spirit. It has a human torso and a python head. They may have more than two arms. Those who have two legs rule over those who have snake tails only. Mahoragas who do not accept Buddhahood usually form cults for other lesser beings on earth.
Notice that the definition of the Eight Creatures is different from that of the Eight Ghosts who are governed by the Four Deva Princes in the lowest heaven of the Plane of Needs. The Eight Ghosts includes Ghandarva, Pisaca 毗舍?, Kumbhanda 鸠槃荼, Preta 薜荔多, Naga, Putana 富单那, Yaksa and Raksasa 罗刹.
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