Question

主格和宾格的区别?他们的用法? 他们怎么区分?怎么用?

Answer 1

　　英语中的人称代词(Personal Pronouns)有主格、宾格和所有格之 分,如：　　I,me,my ; he,him,his ; they,them,their等.　　顾名思义,主格(The nominative case)用作主语,宾格(The objective case)用作宾语,所有格(The possessive case)则表示所有之物.　　在实际运用中,主格和宾格代词有时会混淆.下面是常见的问题：　　⒈在复合结构里,人称代词的主格和宾格在单独使用时,没有问题,如很少人会犯下这样的错误：　　*(1)Wilcox spoke to I.　　*(2)Her knew what had happened.　　但在复合结构中,错误就难免了,如：　　*(3)Wilcox spoke to my friend and I.　　*(4)He and her knew what had happened.　　*(5)This is between you and he.　　这种错误是可避免的.第一,在有介词的复合结构中,特别要注意,第二个人称代词,必须用宾语,如："for you and me"和 "between Maria and him".第二,试把复合结构中的另一部分暂时用括号围起来,那么该用的格就容易辨别了,如：　　(6)This message is for (My father and) I or me.　　(7)(Marry and) he or him went downtown together.　　显然的,(5)里的代词是宾格的"me",(6)里的代词是主格的"he".　　⒉在比较结构里,连接词"as"或"than"后面,按理用主格式,但在口语中,人们常用宾格形式,学美式英语者,更是如此：　　(8)a.You did as well as she.　　　b.You did as well as her.　　(9)a.I am older than he.　　　b.I am older than him.　　(a)和(b)两种说法,都可接受.但如果"as"和"than"后头分句的主语和词动都要完整出现的话,这时的人称代词,就必须是主格,如下：　　(10)You did as well as she did.　　(11)I am older than he is .　　此外,还有一点要注意,就是"as"和"than"后面虽然在语法上用主格好,用宾格也可,但是有时意思会有所不同.试比较(a)和(b)：　　(12)a.Jason praised Maria more highly than I.b.Jason praised Maria more highly than me.　　(12)a和b都被接受,但(12)a等于(13)a,而(12)b等于(13)B：　　(13)a.Jason praised Maria more highly than I did (= I praised Maria).b.Jason praised Maria more highly than he praised me.　　显然,这两句的深层意思大有差别.遇到这种情形,为了避免误解,不妨根据要表达的意思用完整的句式表达出来.换句话说,必要的话,要用(13)这句子.　　不然,把(13)a变成(14),(13)b变成(15)也可：　　(14)I did not praise Maria as highly as Jason did.　　(15)Jason did not praise me as highly as he praised Maria.