and的用法
And是英语中一个普通的连词,然而and并非只作并列连词用,它还具有一些不太常见的表达方式和意义,应根据上下文的特殊环境,作出判断才能准确理解其用法和意思。and的用法有哪些呢?本文是我整理and的用法的资料,仅供参考。
and的用法
1.and作并列连词,译为“和、并且”等,当连接三个以上的并列成分时,它放在最后一个成分之前,其余用逗号分开,例如:
He bought a book and a pen.他买了一本书和一支笔。
Solid,liquid and gas are the three states of matter.固态、液态和气态是物质的三种状态。
2.名词+and+名词,若这种结构表示一个概念时,and+名词相当于介词with+名词,译为“附带、兼”的意思,例如:
Noodle and egg is a kind of delicious food.(and egg=with egg)鸡蛋面是一种美味食物。
Whose is this watch and chain?(and chain=with chain)这块带表链的手表是谁的?
3.名词复数+and+同一名词的复数,强调连续或众多的含义。例如:
There are photos and photos.照片一张接着一张。
They saw film hours and hours last week.上星期他们一小时接一小时地看电影。
4.形容词+and+形容词,这种结构形似并列,实际并非并列结构。例如:
This roon is nice and warm(= nicely warm).
The coffee is nice and hot(=thoroughly hot).
5.用and连接动词的用法:and+动词作目的状语。动词 go(come,stop等)+and+动词,此时,and+动词相当于in order to+动词,例如:
①I'll go and bring back your boots,(go and bring back=go in order to bringback)我去把你的靴子拿来。
②and+动词,起现在分词的作用,表示方式或伴随情况。例如:
He sat and waited.(and waited=waiting)他坐着等。
③and+同一动词表示动作长时间地“继续”或“重复”,例如:
We waited and waited.我们等呀等。
6.用来补充语意起强调作用,例如:
You have to send in the application and(that)without delay.你得交上申请表格,不能拖延。
He can express his ideas in English and(that) effectiyely.他能用英语准确地表达自己的想法。
7.用来连接一句祈使句和一句陈述句,这里祈使句+and相当于if„,例如:
Persevere,and you will succeed.
Make haste,and you will get there in time.
以上两句分别改为:
If you persevere,you will succeed.
If you make haste,you will get there in time.
8.用于插入语中作为一种评语,例如:
He has a somewhat swelled head,and I don't like this.
They refused to sign the agreement and that's not surprising which put us in anawkward position.
9.表示对比,例如:
Mary likes music and Jim is fond of sports.
He was so rich and lived like a beggar.
10.表示条件,例如:
Use your head,and you'll find a way.
Think it over again and you'll find a way out.
11.表示因果关系,例如:
He heard a cry for help,and he rushed ont of the house.
12.表示先后顺序,例如:
He read for an hour and went to bed
13.表示意义增补,例如:
He is Jack of all trades and master of none.
14.用and连接比较级,表示程度逐步增强,意思是“越来越”,例如:
In winter the day is getting shorter and shorter.冬季,白天变得越来越短。
15.用and重叠句子表示“又、再”,例如:
We read the book again and again.我们反复阅读这本书。
16.表示时间的一致性,例如:
She slept and dreamed last night.
17.用来加强其后面的词或词组,例如:
She has lost her pencil and that one is new.
18.有时形容词的同位语由and引出,此时译为“即,也就是”,例如:
The third and last point is how to be a good student.第三点,也就是最后一点,是如何成为一名优秀的学生。
19.表示递进,例如:
He did the work and he did it well.
20.用在句子的开头以表示连续性和惊讶的意思,例如:
And he said to John.接着他对约翰说。
And is it true?这是真的吗?
21.连接数词,译为“加”,例如:
4 and 2makes 6.4加2等于6。
22.and构成习语,例如:
Ways and means,part and parcel,heart and soul,pick and choose.
23.构成一些短语,例如:
and so(所以),and so on(等等),and then(然后,其次),and yet(然而)„
and的九大用法要点
1. 连接两个相同的比较级,表示“越来越……”。如:
It moves faster and faster. 它动得越来越快。
Your work is getting better and better. 你的工作干得越来越好了。
2. 连接两个相同的动词,表示动作的反复或连续。如:
He coughed and coughed. 他咳个不停。
He tried and tried but without success. 他试了又试,但没有成功。
3. 连接两个相同的名词,表示“许多”或“有各种各样的” (即有好的也有坏的)。如:
They talked for hours and hours. 他们谈了很长时间。
There are books and books. 有各种各样的书(即书有好坏之分)。
4. 在口语中用在 come, go, run, stay, stop, try 等之后表示目的(and 在此相当于不定式符号 to)。如:
Come and have a look. 来看一看。
We will try and get one tomorrow. 我们明天设法弄一个来。
We ought to stop and think. 我们应该停下来想一想。
Will you go and fetch me some paper, please? 请你去给我拿点纸来好吗?
以上动词除 try 只能用原形外,其它动词都可有多种形式。如:
正:We stayed and had a drink with him. 我们留下来同他喝 了一杯。
正:We stopped and bought some flowers. 我们停下来买了些 花。
误:He tried and finished the work in time.
注:在 come, go 之后的 and 有时可以省略(尤其在美国英语中)。如:
I’ll come (and) see you later. 我晚些时候再来看你。
5. 用在祈使句后,表示结果,意为“那么”(暗示一种条件)。如:
Work hard and you’ll pass the examinations (=If you work
hard, you’ll pass the examinations). 努力吧,你考试会及格的。
Arrive late once more and you’re fired (=If you arrivelate once more, you’re fired). 再迟到一次,就把你开除。
有时也可以不是用于祈使句后表示结果。如:
One more step and I will fire. 你再动一步,我就要开枪了。
6. 用在 good, nice, fine 等之后,表示“很”、“挺”。如:
It’s nice and cool under the tree. 这树下很凉快。
The book is nice and expensive. 这本书很贵。
7. 在主从复合句中,不要在主句前误加 and。如:
要是下雨,我们就呆在家里。
正:If it rains, we’ll stay at home.
误:If it rains, and we’ll stay at home.
8. 某些用 and 连接的两个词,与汉语顺序相反,不要按汉语词序颠倒过来。如:
rich and poor 贫富 land and water 水陆
right and left 左右 north and south 南北
food and drink 饮食 food and clothing 衣食
9. 比较以下各组句子有无连词 and 的差别:
天气晴朗,我们出去散了步。
正:The weather being fine, we went out for a walk.
正:The weather was fine, and we went out for a walk.
教室里包括老师有五个人。
正:In the classroom there are five people, the teacher included.
正:In the classroom there are five people, and the teacher was included.
他有两个小孩,都很顽皮(from www.hxen.com)。
正:He has two children, both of whom are naughty.