虚拟语气的全部用法。

aqwn1479
2014-01-26 · TA获得超过2.6万个赞
知道大有可为答主
回答量:1.2万
采纳率:50%
帮助的人:6112万
展开全部
虚拟语气是一个比较困难的语法问题。然而只要我们好好总结一下虚拟语气的构成和用法,那就可以化难为易了。现将虚拟语气有关用法归纳如下:

1.虚拟语气在条件句中的用法
        (1)若表示与现在事实相反的假设,则条件从句中用过去式,主句中用过去将来式(would,should,could,might + 动词原形);若表示某事将来实现的可能性不大,则条件从句中用should + 动词原形也可用“were to+动词原形”或用过去式动词。如:
            I would certainly go if I had time.(现在)
            If it should rain,we wouldn”t go out.(将来)
            If I knew German,I would read the paper to you.(现在)
            If he were here,we could ask him.(现在)
        (2)若表示与过去事实相反的假设,从句中用过去完成式,主句中用过去将来完成式(should,would,could,might + have + 过去分词)。如:
            If I had set off a little earlier, I would have caught the train.
            She would / might have come if she hadn”t been so busy.
            If I hadn”t taken your advice,I would have made a bad mistake.
            If only you hadn”t told him the news.
        (3)含有虚拟语气的条件状语从句中,如有had,should,were 这三个词的话,在正式或书面语言中可将if省略,再将句子的主语和谓语动词实行全部倒装或部分倒装。如:
            Had they time(=If they had time),they would certainly come and help us.
            Should it be fine(=If it should be fine),we would go for an outing.
            Were I go(=If I were you), I would go.
        (4)若主句从句所指的时间不一致,即条件从句表示与过去事实相反,主句表示与现在事实相反;或者条件从句表示与现在事实相反,主句表真实情况,则从句中应采用与具体时间相对应的虚拟形式。如:
            If it had rained last night(过去),It would be very cold today(现在).
            If I had taken your advice(过去),I should have no trouble with the work now(现在).

2.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法
        在动词suggest,order,demand,propose,request,command,insist等后的宾语从句中,用虚拟语气(即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形)来表示愿望、建议、命令、请求等。在动词wish /would rather后的宾语从句中,用过去式表示与现在事实不符,用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符。如:
            I suggest that we(should)set off at once.
            The doctor insisted that the patient (should)be X-rayed.
            I wish I were as strong as you.
            I would rather that you hadn”t told him.

3.虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法
        在It is necessary/important/strange/natural;It is requested/suggested/desired/proposed;it is a pity等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气,即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如:
            It is necessary that he(should)be sent there at once.
            It is requested that Professor Li(should)give us a speech.
            It is desired that we(should)get everything ready by tonight.

4.虚拟语气在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法。
        在 suggestion, proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,即should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如:
            Our suggestion is that you( should)be the first to go.
            My advice is that we(should)send for Doctor Li.
            Do you know the order that you(should)keep watch?

5.虚拟语气在其他状语从句中的用法
        在as if引导的状语从句中,用过去式表示与现在事实不符,用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符;在so that,in order that引导的状语从句中,常用should/would/could/might+动词原形来表示虚拟语气。如:
            They talked as if they had been friends for years.
            She stayed at home for a few days so that she could take care of her mother.
            He took a taxi to the station so that she should not miss the train.

6.虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法:
        在it is time后面的定语从句中常用过去式表示虚拟。
Sweet丶奈何
高粉答主

2014-01-26 · 每个回答都超有意思的
知道大有可为答主
回答量:2.8万
采纳率:82%
帮助的人:4550万
展开全部
1、在错综条件句子中,虚拟条件从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致,因此,主句和从句的谓语动词应根据所指的时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式。例如:  1)If I were you,I wouldn't have missed the film last night.如果我是你,我就不会错过昨天晚上的那部电影。(从句与现在事实相反,主句与过去事实相反。)   2)If he had followed the doctor's advice,he would recover already.如果他遵照医生的劝告,现在病就好了。(从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。)   2、在if虚拟条件句中,有时可把连词省去,采用倒装语序把谓语动词were或助动词did,had,should移到句首构成非真实条件从句的另一种句型,其意思不变。例如:  1)Had we time to spare,we would be glad to go to the park.如果能抽出时间,我们很乐意逛公园。  2)Were it not for the discovery of electricity,the modern world would experience great inconveniece.假如没有发现电,现代世界将很不方便。  3、有时假设的情况不用if引导虚拟条件从句来表述,而用介词(如without, but for等)引出的短语、分词(如supposing等)引出的短语、并列连词(如or,otherwise,but,though等)、由动词suppose引出的祈使句或通过上下文的意思来表达。此时句中谓语动词仍采用虚拟语气的相应形式。例如:  1)But for your advice,I would not be able to do this work.要不是你的劝告,我是不会做这份工作的。  2)Victor obviously doesn't know what's happened,otherwise he wouldn't have made such a stupid remark.显然维克多不知道发生了什么事情。不然的话,他就不会说这样愚蠢的话了。  4、在一些表示愿望、建议、请求、命令等含义的动词后面的宾语从句中,谓语动词用动词原形或"should+动词原形"表示虚拟语气。这类动词有ask,demand, insist,order,propose,move,desire,require等。例如:  1)They demanded that the aggressor troops(should)be withdrawn immediately.他们要求立即撤出侵略军。  2)I moved that he(should)be discharged for his serious mistake.我建议,由于他犯有严重错误,应解除他的职务。  5、在"would(had)rather(would sooner,would as soon)+宾语从句"句型中,要求后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气。但这种虚拟语气表示的不是与事实相反的假设,而是一种尚未实现的愿望,其从句谓语动词用一般过去时。例如:  1)I would rather you came next Friday.我希望你下周五来。  2)I'd just as soon you didn't speak rudely to her.我真希望你别对她那么粗鲁地讲话。  6、在和idea,necessity,plan, motion,order,proposal,recommendation,suggestion,under- standing等词有关的同位语或表语从句中,谓语动词用动词原形或"should+动词原形"表示虚拟语气。例如:  1)M y idea is that the group(should)hold another session to discuss the problem.我的意见是小组召开另一次会议来讨论这个问题。  2)Emphasis is laid on the necessity that all the objectives to be attained be taken into account before starting a new project.我们强调在开始制定一个新的计划之前,必须把要达到的所有目标都考虑进去。  7、在某些"It is+形容词+that..."句型中,如"It is important(necessary,essential, natural,desirable,unusual,pity,strange)that...",that所引导的主语从句中谓语动词均用动词原形或"should+动词原形"来表示虚拟语气。例如:  1)It is highly desirable that a new president be appointed for this college.人们迫切地希望能给这个学院派一个新院长。  2)It is strange that the girl(should)be so arrogant.真奇怪,这个女孩竟会如此傲慢。  8、在"It is ordered(suggested,demanded,moved,planned等)+that..."这个句型中,that引导的主语从句要用虚拟语气形式,谓语动词用动词原形或"should+动词原形"。例如:  1)It is moved that Lucy give a performance at the party.有人提议露茜在晚会上表演一个节目。  2)It was suggested that more teachers   (should)be sent there to help them.有人建议派更多的老师去那儿帮助他们。  9、as if /though可以引出一个状语从句也可以引出一个表语从句。当as if/though跟在be,feel,look,seem,sound等系动词之后时,引导的是表语从句;如果主句的谓语动词不是联系动词be等,as if/though引导的则是方式状语从句。无论是哪种类型的从句,只要从句的内容是不真实的,都必须用虚拟语气。当从句表示与现在的事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时;表示与过去事实相反要用"had+过去分词";表示与将来可能相反的则用"would(could,might)+动词原形"。例如:  1)I feel as if I were going to faint.我感到我像要昏过去似的。(与现在事实相反的表语从句)   2)She cried as if her heart could be broken.她哭的好像心都要碎了。(与将来可能相反的主语从句)   10、在It is(about /high)time引导的定语从句中,也可以根据需要使用虚拟语气,用以表示"(此刻)该做……而没有做"的意思,其谓语动词用过去时或"should+动词原形(用should时,不能将其省略)"。例如:  1)It is time I should leave.我该走了。  2)It is about time that you got(should get) dressed.你该穿衣服了。  11、if only引导的是省略了表示结果的主句的虚拟结构,现在已成为惯用法,表达愿望。从句用过去时表示现在没有实现的愿望;对过去没有实现或不能实现的愿望,从句就用过去完成时。这类句型表示一种不真实的条件,常译成"要是……就好了!"例如:  1)If only I had taken mother's advice.我要是听取妈妈的建议就好了。  2)If only I could speak several foreign languages.我要是能讲几种外语就好了。  12、在以in order that,so that,lest引导的目的状语从句中,谓语动词一般用虚拟语气。从句中的谓语动词用"may(might)+动词原形"或"should+动词原形"。在以lest引导的从句中,谓语动词用"should+动词原形"。例如:  1)She stayed at home for a few days so that she might take care of her sick mother.她在家里呆了好几天,以便能照顾生病的母亲。  2)The teacher explained the sentences again and again in order that the students could understand them clearly.老师一再解释这些句子以便学生能够清楚地理解。
已赞过 已踩过<
你对这个回答的评价是?
评论 收起
推荐律师服务: 若未解决您的问题,请您详细描述您的问题,通过百度律临进行免费专业咨询

为你推荐:

下载百度知道APP,抢鲜体验
使用百度知道APP,立即抢鲜体验。你的手机镜头里或许有别人想知道的答案。
扫描二维码下载
×

类别

我们会通过消息、邮箱等方式尽快将举报结果通知您。

说明

0/200

提交
取消

辅 助

模 式