英语中什么叫定语从句
英语中什么叫定语从句 篇1
概念
被修饰的词叫先行词.定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况,它需要放在被修饰的词(即先行词)之后.定语从句一般由关系代词来引导.关系代词必须放在定语从句之首.定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词.定语从句裂神慎通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出.
关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致.
1)who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人.(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
2) Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换), 例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙.
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书.
3)which, that
它们所代瞎念替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣.(which / that在句中作主语)
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了.(which / that在句中作宾语)
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语.
1)when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候.
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地.
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
2)that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句,在肆敬口语中that常被省略,例如:
His father died the year (that / when / on which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了.
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方.
英语中什么叫定语从句 篇2
定语从句:一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后(先行词)进行修饰限定,就叫做定语从句.在主句中充当定语成分.被修饰的词叫先行词.定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况,它通常只能放在被修饰的词(即先行词)之后.
【关系词的特定选择】
1、只用that不用which
1)当先行词是序数词或被序数词、最高级,关系词用that.
2)当先行词既有人又有物时,用that.
3)当先行词带有the only,the very,the same,the last,the one等词时,用that.
4)当主句中有who或which时,为避免重复用that.
5)当先行词为something,anything,nothing,none,no,little,much,all等不定代词时用that.
2、只用who不用that
1)如果先行词是those,they,all,persons,people,he,anyone,one时用who
2)当先行词指人并含有较长的后置定语从句或在被分割的定语从句中时.
3、只用which不用that
1)当主句先行词后有介词时,用which.例:This is the one of which I'm speaking.
2)非限定性定语从句,用which.
3) 描述句中一般用which.例:Beijing,which was China's capital for more than 800years.
4)those +复数名词之后,多用which .例:Shopkeeper want to keep a number of those goods which sell best.
5)先行词本身是that时,用which.
英语中什么叫定语从句 篇3
一、定语从句的引导词有关系代词who,whom,whose,which,that,as;关系副词when,where,why.定语从句中引导词的选用主要看先行词在定语从句中作什么成分或者是定语从句中缺什么成分.
1．定语从句中缺主语,修饰人时用who ／that,修饰物时用which ／that引导.如:
Is this the factory which ／that makes TV sets?
The man who ／that visited our school is from Australia．
2．从句中缺宾语,修饰人时用 who ／whom ／that或省略引导词;修饰物时用which ／that或省略引导词.如:
Gone are the days which ／that we spent together in the village．
He is the man who ／whom ／that I think to be worthy of our praise．
3．从句中缺时间状语,用when或介词＋which引导.如:
The day finally came when ／on which I was given a job．
We'll put off the outing until next week,when we won't be so busy．
4．从句中缺地点状语,用where或介词＋which引导.如:
Please put the letter on the desk where ／on which he can easily find it．
5．从句中缺原因状语或先行词是 reason时,引导词用why ／for which ／ that.如:
This is the reason why ／for which ／ that he didn't come to the meeting．
6．从句中缺定语,人和物都用 whose引导.如:
A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan．
Please pass me the dictionary whose cover is black．
7．当先行词是way时,其定语从句的引导词用in which ／that.如:
The way in which ／that he looks at problems is wrong．
二、引导词as可引导限制性定语从句,也可引导非限制性定语从句.
1．在固定词组the same．．．as,such．．．as中,as引导限制性定语从句.如:
He is not such a fool as he looks．
I've bought the same dress as she is wearing．
2．当先行词是整个主句时,可用 as ／which引导非限制性定语从句.引导词as和which的区别在于:
①as引导的非限制性定语从句可放于主句前、主句中、主句后,而which引导的非限制性定语从句一般放于主句后或句中.
②as常与从句中的know,see,hear,expect等动词连用,也常用于as often happens,as is often the case(常有的事)等句子中;而which一般不用于以上情况.
③as有“正如”的含义,which没有此含义.如:
As is well known,Shanghai is a big city．
Some of the roads were flooded,which made our journey more difficult．
三、关系代词who,whom,whose,which和as能引导非限制性定语从句,而that不能;非限制性定语从句中即使缺宾语,引导词也不能省略;关系副词when,where能引导非限制性定语从句,而why不能.如:
Abraham Lincoln,who led the United States through the Civil War years,was shot on April 14,1865．
四、先行词是物时,其引导词可用 which也可用that,通常情况下二者可互换,但在有些情况下不能.
1．用which不用that引导定语从句的三种情况:
①非限制性定语从句用which,不用that引导.如:
Football,which is a very interesting game,is played all over the world．
②先行词为that时,为了避免重
复,定语从句用which不用that引导.如:
That which you borrowed from me wasn't a real diamond necklace．
③介词后用which不用that引导.如:
The method with which you solved the problem is very good．
2．用that不用which的七种情况:
①先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时,用 that不用which引导.如:
This is the best place that I have ever visited．
The second question that is asked is why we don't fall off the earth．
②先行词为little,much,all,none,few,(the)one,something,everything,nothing,anything等不定代词时,用that引导.如:
There is nothing in the world that can frighten him．
③先行词既有指人的名词又有指物的名词时,用 that引导.如:
He told us about the people and the cities that he had visited．
④先行词前有any,all,no,few,every,some,little,much,(the)very,(the)only,(the)last等词修饰时,用 that引导.如:
This is the very coat that I need．
Is oxygen the only gas that helps fire burn?
⑤先行词为which时,为了避免重复,用that引导.如:
Which is the book that you bought yesterday?
⑥先行词在从句中作表语时,常用that引导.如:
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be in the 1930's．
⑦当主句是There be．．．句型时,用that引导.
There are two tickets for the film that are for you two．
五、在“one of＋复数名词＋定语从句”结构中,从句的谓语动词应与复数名词保持一致;当one前有the only修饰时,从句的谓语动词应与the only one保持一致.如:
He was one of the students who were late for class．
He was the only one of the students who was late for class．
六、引导词前有介词或短语介词时,修饰人只能用 whom,修饰物只能用which引导.如:
My glasses,without which I was like a blind man,fell to the ground and broke．
The man,by whom the wolf was shot,is called Jackson．
英语中什么叫定语从句 篇4
定语从句公式
定语从句=先行词+关系词+从句
先行词
指被定语从句修饰的名词、代词或句子.
一般先行词出现在定语从句的前面.
关系词
关系词常有3个作用:
①连接作用,连接主句和定语从句.
②指代先行词.
③在定语从句中担当成分.
注:关系代词有主语、宾语、定语之分.一般who做主语或其宾格形式的whom做宾语(whom作宾语时可省略),whose作为定语(whose不可省略).关系代词在从句中作主语,宾语,定语等,关系副词在从句中作地点状语(where),时间状语(when),原因状语(why).
定语
定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语(动词不定式短语、动名词表示的)汉语中常用“……的'”表示.主要由形容词担任,此外,名词、代词、数词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语.短语、从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语.
被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词.如“the girl”,“the book”
如:She is the girl who likes singing. 她就是那个喜欢唱歌的女孩.
这就是一个定语从句.
限定性定语从句
意义:
限定性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用,使该词的含义更具体,更明确.限制性定语从句不能被省略,否则句意就不完整,例如I met some one who said he knows you.
在引导限定性定语从句时,that有时相当于in which,at which,for which或on which
(1)Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变,这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处.
(2)I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐,而他恰恰与我相反.
(3)We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 刚好我们到的那天他们走了.
在限定性定语从句中,当关系代词在从句中担任动词宾语时,关系代词可省略.
(1)The book (that/ which) I am reading is very interesting. 我在读的书很有趣.
(2)Is there anything (that) you wanted? 想要什么东西吗?
非限定性定语从句 意义:
非限定性定语从句起补充说明作用,缺少也不会影响全句的理解.在非限制性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开,如
(1)The house,which I bought has a lovely garden. 我买的房子带着个漂亮的花园.
(2)This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本我已经读过三遍的小说很感人.
1.非限定性定语从句可将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数,例如:
(1)He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦.
(2)Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发.
2. 在非限定定语从句中,有时as也可用作关系代词,若as在从句中作主语,其引导的句子可以放在句首,也可以放在句中.例如:
(1)The boy has as much progress as we had expected. 正像我们所预料的那样,这个男孩取得了大的进步.
(2) As everyone knows ,China is a beautiful country with a long history . 每个人都知道,中国是一个有着悠久历史的美丽国家.
3. 在非限定性定语从句中,不能用从句做主语
(1)The boys ,who are playing football ,are from Class One. 在踢足球的男孩们是一班的.
(2)I helped an old man ,who lost his way ,yesterday . 昨天,我帮助了一个迷路的老人.
