Question

请大家帮忙翻译一下这个段落

Proteomic analysis
Serum samples were thawed, added to a C16 hydrophobic interaction protein chip, and analysed on the Protein Biology System 2 SELDI-TOF mass spectrometer (Ciphergen Biosystems, Freemont, CA, USA).9 Mass resolution (defined as m/Δm) is routinely achieved below 400. Mass accuracy is assessed daily through the use of angiotensin peptide calibrations. We achieve a mass accuracy of 0·1% with this system. Peptides and proteins below the 20 000 mass/charge (M/Z) range were ionised with α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid as a matrix, which is most effective for the detection of proteins and peptides in this mass range. The chips were analysed manually under the following settings: laser intensity 240, detector sensitivity 10, mass focus 6000, position 50, molecular mass range 0–20 000 Da, and a 50-shot average per sample. Data were collected without filters and were later used for analyses. Positives and controls were run concurrently, intermingled on the same chip and on multiple chips; the operators were unaware of which was which. None of the samples in the preliminary set were subsequently used in the masked validation set.

Serum from an unaffected woman and from a male control were individually applied to a single bait surface region on 100 separate C16 chips and on all eight bait surfaces of 12 separate chips for between-run and withinrun analysis to determine reproducibility.

Analytical procedure
We developed an analytical tool that combines elements from genetic algorithms first described by Holland14 and cluster analysis methods from Kohonen.[15] and [16] Genetic algorithms function in a manner similar to natural selection. The input data for analysis are ASCII files of proteomic spectra generated by SELDI-TOF. Each spectrum is composed of 15 200 M/Z values on the x axis, with a corresponding amplitude on the y axis. The output of the algorithm is the most fit subset of amplitudes at defined M/Z values that best segregates the preliminary data. Analysis was divided into two phases: a preliminary phase with knowns, and a testing phase with masked serum samples.

In phase I (figure 1), mass spectra from the two preliminary sets—ie, the 50 patients with biopsy-proven cancer and the 50 unaffected patients and controls—were compared. The algorithm identified a small subset of key values along the spectrum x axis using an iterative searching process. This subset was judged as important because the pattern of amplitudes at these M/Z values completely segregated the serum from patients with ovarian cancer from the unaffected populations.

谢绝翻译工具~

Answer 1

Proteomic analysis 蛋白质组分析
Serum samples were thawed, added to a C16 hydrophobic interaction protein chip, and analysed on the Protein Biology System 2 SELDI-TOF mass spectrometer (Ciphergen Biosystems, Freemont, CA, USA).9 Mass resolution (defined as m/Δm) is routinely achieved below 400. Mass accuracy is assessed daily through the use of angiotensin peptide calibrations.
将血清试样解冻后，置于一个C16疏水性蛋白芯片，然后用美国加尼福尼亚费蒙市赛弗吉公司生产的2 SELDI-TOF蛋白质指纹质谱仪进行检测分析。低于400时的质量分辨率（定义为m/Δm）经常可达到9；质量准确性通过使用肽类血管紧张素校准每日进行测定。

We achieve a mass accuracy of 0•1% with this system. Peptides and proteins below the 20 000 mass/charge (M/Z) range were ionised with α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid as a matrix, which is most effective for the detection of proteins and peptides in this mass range. The chips were analysed manually under the following settings: laser intensity 240, detector sensitivity 10, mass focus 6000, position 50, molecular mass range 0–20 000 Da, and a 50-shot average per sample.
通过用本系统我们获得0.1%的质量准确性。低于20000质荷比（M/Z）范围的肽与蛋白质被α-cyano-4-羟基苯丙烯酸电离作为基质，这是最有效检测在这质量范围内的蛋白质与肽。
这些芯片以下列的设置被进行手工分析：激光强度240、检测器灵敏度10、质量焦点6000、位置50、分子质量范围0-20000 Da 以及对每个试样平均进行50次射击。

Data were collected without filters and were later used for analyses. Positives and controls were run concurrently, intermingled on the same chip and on multiple chips; the operators were unaware of which was which. None of the samples in the preliminary set were subsequently used in the masked validation set.
数据不经过过滤被收集作为随后的分析使用。正极与对照同时开启，混集在单一芯片及多芯片上；操作者分不清哪个是哪个。最初试样组中的任何试样都不会用于最终的隐蔽验证组。

Serum from an unaffected woman and from a male control were individually applied to a single bait surface region on 100 separate C16 chips and on all eight bait surfaces of 12 separate chips for between-run and within-run analysis to determine reproducibility.
将一个健康女性及其对照男性的血清分别被施与100片分开的c16芯片上的单一毒饵表面区域，以及施在12片个别芯片的所有八个毒饵表面上，进行批间和批内分析以便测定其重现性。

Analytical procedure 分析步骤
We developed an analytical tool that combines elements from genetic algorithms first described by Holland14 and cluster analysis methods from Kohonen.[15] and [16] Genetic algorithms function in a manner similar to natural selection. The input data for analysis are ASCII files of proteomic spectra generated by SELDI-TOF.
我们开发了一个分析工具，它能结合遗传算法里的元素；这是Kohonen最先发表的霍兰聚集分析法。遗传算法与自然选择的运行方式类似。分析所输入的参数是由SELDI-TOF（表面增强激光解吸离子化飞行时间）所产生的蛋白质组光谱的ASCII码文件。

Each spectrum is composed of 15 200 M/Z values on the x axis, with corresponding amplitude on the y axis. The output of the algorithm is the most fit subset of amplitudes at defined M/Z values that best segregates the preliminary data. Analysis was divided into two phases: a preliminary phase with knowns, and a testing phase with masked serum samples.
每个光谱哦组成是X轴上的15200质荷比值，在Y 轴上有对应的振幅值。与初步数据隔离的最佳定义质荷比值上，算法的输出是最合适的振幅子集。分析分为两期进行：初期使用已知的血清试样，以及用隐蔽试样的检测期。

In phase I (figure 1), mass spectra from the two preliminary sets—ie, the 50 patients with biopsy-proven cancer and the 50 unaffected patients and controls—were compared. The algorithm identified a small subset of key values along the spectrum x axis using an iterative searching process. This subset was judged as important because the pattern of amplitudes at these M/Z values completely segregated the serum from patients with ovarian cancer from the unaffected populations.
在第一期（图示1），将两个初期组的质谱进行比较，就是一组50名经活检确诊的癌患者，以及一组50名不受影响患者和对照。通过利用反复搜寻算法，在光谱X轴上发现一个重要值的子集。该子集被判断为重要是因为在这些质荷比值的振幅模式，将卵巢癌患者的血清与不受影响的人群完全隔离。

注：SELDI-TOF ：Surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization-time of flight
表面增强激光解吸离子化飞行时间

还有，文章有点长，翻译用时不少，该加分哟！！

-英语牛人团荣誉会员-

Answer 2

蛋白质组学分析,
血清标本解冻,添加到C16狂犬病的互动蛋白质芯片,分析了该蛋白质的生物系统(2 SELDI-TOF质谱仪Ciphergen生物系统,Freemont、钙、美国)219大众分辨率(定义为米/Δm)都取得了下面的400多家。大众精度评定每日通过使用血管紧张素肽校准。我们获得大量的准确性与该系统0·1%。多肽和蛋白质低于20万群众/费用(M / Z)范围内被ionised与α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic酸作为一个矩阵,这是最有效的检测蛋白质和多肽在这种大规模的范围。芯片进行手动以下设置:激光强度、检测器灵敏度240,大众焦点6000,10个职位,分子量0-20范围50万50-shot达,平均每样。数据收集未经过滤,后来被用于分析。阳性组和对照组并发运行,交织在一起,在相同的芯片和多晶片;运营商没有觉察到是哪。所有样本均在初步设置随后被用于蒙面的验证。

从一个未受精的女性和血清中从一个男性的控制被单独应用到一个单一的鱼饵表面的地区,在C16芯片100分开的鱼饵表面的所有8个between-run芯片为12个不同withinrun分析来确定和可重复性。

分析程序
我们发展了一种分析工具,结合遗传算法首先描述了元素被Holland14和聚类分析方法,从Kohonen。[15]和[16]遗传算法在某种程度上类似功能的自然选择。输入数据的分析是ASCII文件所产生的蛋白质组学SELDI-TOF光谱。每个谱是由15个200米/ Z价值观在x轴,有相应的振幅在y轴上。输出的算法是最适合的子集是否按规定的M / Z振幅值的初步数据segregates最好。分析被划分为两个阶段:一个初步阶段,并与已知的被掩盖的血清样品测试阶段。

在第一阶段(图1),从两谱,初步sets-ie 50例biopsy-proven癌症患者的影响,相比,controls-were 50岁。识别的算法的一个子集的关键值谱x轴采用迭代搜索的过程。这个子集被作为重要的模式,因为这些M / Z振幅值完全隔离患者血清影响卵巢癌的数量。

Answer 3

这么长篇呀！佩服楼上两位！！