高分悬赏,请高手来帮我做这些题目！
1.Pleaseillustratewithtwoexamplestheuseofcollectivenounsthatcouldbesingularorpluralfo...
1.Please illustrate with two examples the use of collective nouns that could be singular or plural forms.
2.Could you expiain the subjective-verb agreement for the existential sentence?
3.how do you understand the concept of double genitive?
4.What is the difference between anaphoric specific reference and cataphoric specific reference?
5.How do you achieve the pronoun agreement in a discourse?
6.Please explain the use of the reflexive pronoun as an object in a sentence.
7.What is the difference between the past progressive aspect and simple past tense？
8.What is the difference between present perfect aspect and simple past tense?
9.Please list at least five ways to express future time
10.Please explain three ways toexpress the be-type subjective mood.
11.Could you summrise the basic principle of spistemic use of moda; auxiliary?
12.Could you please illustrate the use of absolute construction?
问题补充：我不是要翻译，我是要这些题的准确答案，谢谢！ 展开
2.Could you expiain the subjective-verb agreement for the existential sentence?
3.how do you understand the concept of double genitive?
4.What is the difference between anaphoric specific reference and cataphoric specific reference?
5.How do you achieve the pronoun agreement in a discourse?
6.Please explain the use of the reflexive pronoun as an object in a sentence.
7.What is the difference between the past progressive aspect and simple past tense？
8.What is the difference between present perfect aspect and simple past tense?
9.Please list at least five ways to express future time
10.Please explain three ways toexpress the be-type subjective mood.
11.Could you summrise the basic principle of spistemic use of moda; auxiliary?
12.Could you please illustrate the use of absolute construction?
问题补充：我不是要翻译，我是要这些题的准确答案，谢谢！ 展开
1个回答
展开全部
1.Please illustrate with two examples the use of collective nouns that could be singular or
plural forms.
ANSWER:
Example 1: My family is a large one.
Example 2: My family are all workers.
2.Could you expiain the subjective-verb agreement for the existential sentence?
Sentence 1: there is an apple on the table.
Sentence 2: there are many apples on the table.
Note: in Sentence 1, as there exists only "one single" apple(the real subject in single form),
so the verb "be"should be in single form; while in Sentence 2, there exists more than one
apple(the real subject in single form),so the verb shoud be in plural form.
we call this subject-verb agreement in the existential sentences.
3.how do you understand the concept of double genitive?
ANSWER:
We call this format "[one/a/an]+[noun]+[of]+[noun]'s(this "noun" could be single or
plural)" double genitive.
when we change the above format to "[one/a/an]+[noun1]+[of]+[noun2]'s(this "noun"
could be single or plural)+[noun1]", the concept will be much easier to be understood.
to make it clearer, here are examples for refference:
EXAMPLE 1: LEON, a friend of my father's===>LEON, a friend of my father's friends.
this means stress on the "QUANTITY" of noun 2's belongings: "my father" has many friends,
LEON is only one of them.
EXAMPLE 2: LEON, a friend of my father.
this stress the "MEANING" of noun 2's belongings: "my father" has a friendship with LEON.
4.What is the difference between anaphoric specific reference and cataphoric specific
reference?
5.How do you achieve the pronoun agreement in a discourse?
6.Please explain the use of the reflexive pronoun as an object in a sentence.
in some sentences, the predicate verbs need reflexive pronoun to indicate the exact
meaning of itself, these verbs are like: absent, bathe, amuse, blame, dry, cut, enjoy, hurt,
introduce, behave and so on.
let's see two examples:
EXAMPLE 1: We enjoyed ourselves very much last night.
EXAMPLE 2: Please help yourself to some fish.
7.What is the difference between the past progressive aspect and simple past tense？
the past progressive aspect indicates that the activity occured in the past time and it did not
end then. while simple past tense indicates that the activity occured in the past time but it
ended.
8.What is the difference between present perfect aspect and simple past tense?
there are mainly two differences between present perfect aspect and simple past tense :
first, the emphasis is different.
present perfect aspect emphasizes on the influence of the activity on the present time;while
simple past tense emphasizes on the status of past time after the activity.
second, adverbials of time between the past progressive aspect and simple past tense are
different.
the past progressive aspect often appears together with adverbials like "already, yet, just,
ever, never, before",or "for+a period of time", and "since+a period of past
time/Subordinate Clause";
while simple past tense often appears together with words or phrases like "just now",""a
period of time+ago", "last week" and so on.
9.Please list at least five ways to express future time
1. you will do it for me.
2.are you going to do it for me?
3.you are to do it for.
4.what are you about to do for me?
5.i believe you will be doing it for me.
10.Please explain three ways to express the be-type subjective mood.
1.Be he rich or poor, i will mary hime all the same.
2.my father suggested that i be sent home at once.
3.If the rumor be true, everything is possible
11.Could you summrise the basic principle of spistemic use of moda; auxiliary?
12.Could you please illustrate the use of absolute construction?
一、 独立主格结构的含义和实质
“独立主格结构”（absolute construction）又叫“独立结构”，是带有自己主语的非谓语动词分句和
无动词分句。由于在语法上有自己的逻辑主语，结构上与主句不发生关系，因此传统语法叫做“独立主格
结构”。其实，所谓“独立主格结构”并非真正独立，它还是一种从属分句，与主句紧密联系在一起，共
同表达一个完整的意思，通常在句中起状语分句的作用。独立主格结构可放于句首、句尾，用逗号和主句
隔开。
二、 独立主格结构的基本形式和功能
独立主格结构可以分为两部分：一部分是名词或代词，起逻辑主语的作用；另一部分是非谓语动词分句（
现在分词、过去分词、不定式）或无动词分句（名词、形容词、副词、介词短语），表示前面名词或代词
的动作或状态。
基本形式是：名词普通格/代词主格+现在分词/过去分词/不定式/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语，with引
导的复合结构。
1． 名词/代词+ 现在分词
现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态等。
例 The man lay there, his hands trembling.
So many students being absent, the meeting had to be put off.
His homework having been done, Tom went to sleep.
注：“独立结构”中的being或 having been 有时可以省去，这样就成了无动词分句或过去分词分句。
2． 名词/代词+过去分词
过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作或所处的一种状态。
例 The boy lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head.
The job not finished, we couldn’t see the film.
Her shirt caught on a nail, she could not move.
后面两个句子也可以看成省略掉了having been，being。如果加上，这两个句子就又变成了现在分词分
句。
3． 名词/代词+不定式
不定式表示的是将来的动作。
例He suggested going for a picnic, Mary to provide the food.
These are the first two books， the third one to come out next month.
We shall get together at 7:30, the procession（游行） to start moving at 8 sharp.
4. 名词/代词+名词
名词一般做前面名词或代词的同位语。
例 Many people joined in the work, some of them women and children.
He fought the tiger，a stick his only weapon.
5． 名词/代词+形容词短语
形容词（短语）说明前面名词或代词的性质，状态，原因等。
例The floor wet and slippery, we had to stay outside for a while.
I heard that she got injured in the accident， my heart full of sorry.
这两个句子也可以看成是省略了being,如果加上，就变成了现在分词分句。
6． 名词/代词+副词
副词说明前面名词或代词的状态。
例 The meeting over, we all went home.
Nobody in, he left a message on the board.
He sat at the table, head down.
7. 名词/代词+介词短语
介词短语说明伴随前面名词或代词的方式或者状态。
例 The teacher came in, a book under his arm.
The hunter entered the forest， gun in hand．
Nobody at home, the thief took a lot of things away.
8． with引导的复合结构, 也可以认为是一种独立主格结构
例 A woman got on the bus with a baby around her arms.
The teacher came in with several students following behind.
With a lot of things to deal with, he will have a difficult time.
With the work done, he went out to eat.
He left the office with the lights on.
Mary rushed out of the house with the door open.
三、 学习独立主格结构应注意的一些问题
1． 独立主格结构中分句和主句的主语不一致
从以上例子我们可以看出，含有独立主格结构的句子，前后主语是不一致的，这也是独立主格结构和非
谓语分句作状语的最重要区别。
例 (1) Hearing the news, he was very excited.
(2) Winter coming, it gets colder and colder.
在这两个句子里，第一个句子，前后的主语是一致的，都是he, 也就是说动词hear的动作发出者是主语
he , 因此它是一个现在分词短语作状语表示原因的句子；而第二个句子，我们可以发现，有两个主语，第
一个是动词come 的逻辑主语winter, 而第二个主语是句子真正的主语it，非谓语动词coming 和it 之间没
有任何关系，因此它是一个独立主格结构。
2． 在独立主格结构中，动词是用现在分词还是过去分词
一般来说如果逻辑主语和动词之间是主谓关系，用现在分词。如：Time permitting, we will go out
to play.一句中，time 和 permit 之间是逻辑上的主谓关系－－－ “时间允许”，因此用现在分词。 如
果逻辑主语和动词之间是动宾关系，并且有被动的意思，用过去分词。如：“More time given,we
should have done it better. ”一句中，time 和give 之间的关系是动宾关系，有被动的意思---“如果
被给更多时间”，因此用过去分词。
3． 独立主格结构相当于一个状语从句
独立主格结构不是一个句子，而是相当于一个状语从句,可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式和伴随情况等
。
例 Work done, John went home.相当于一个表示时间的状语从句：When the work has been
done, John went home.
例There being no buses, we had to walk home.相当于一个表示原因的状语从句：Because there
are no buses, we had to walk home.
4． 完成时态的运用
在独立主格结构中如果强调分词的时间发生在主句动作时间之前，常用现在分词的完成时态having
done， 根据情况确定是用主动还是被动。
例The last bus having gone, we had to walk home.
His wallet having been stolen, he didn’t know what to do next.
参考：百度知道
plural forms.
ANSWER:
Example 1: My family is a large one.
Example 2: My family are all workers.
2.Could you expiain the subjective-verb agreement for the existential sentence?
Sentence 1: there is an apple on the table.
Sentence 2: there are many apples on the table.
Note: in Sentence 1, as there exists only "one single" apple(the real subject in single form),
so the verb "be"should be in single form; while in Sentence 2, there exists more than one
apple(the real subject in single form),so the verb shoud be in plural form.
we call this subject-verb agreement in the existential sentences.
3.how do you understand the concept of double genitive?
ANSWER:
We call this format "[one/a/an]+[noun]+[of]+[noun]'s(this "noun" could be single or
plural)" double genitive.
when we change the above format to "[one/a/an]+[noun1]+[of]+[noun2]'s(this "noun"
could be single or plural)+[noun1]", the concept will be much easier to be understood.
to make it clearer, here are examples for refference:
EXAMPLE 1: LEON, a friend of my father's===>LEON, a friend of my father's friends.
this means stress on the "QUANTITY" of noun 2's belongings: "my father" has many friends,
LEON is only one of them.
EXAMPLE 2: LEON, a friend of my father.
this stress the "MEANING" of noun 2's belongings: "my father" has a friendship with LEON.
4.What is the difference between anaphoric specific reference and cataphoric specific
reference?
5.How do you achieve the pronoun agreement in a discourse?
6.Please explain the use of the reflexive pronoun as an object in a sentence.
in some sentences, the predicate verbs need reflexive pronoun to indicate the exact
meaning of itself, these verbs are like: absent, bathe, amuse, blame, dry, cut, enjoy, hurt,
introduce, behave and so on.
let's see two examples:
EXAMPLE 1: We enjoyed ourselves very much last night.
EXAMPLE 2: Please help yourself to some fish.
7.What is the difference between the past progressive aspect and simple past tense？
the past progressive aspect indicates that the activity occured in the past time and it did not
end then. while simple past tense indicates that the activity occured in the past time but it
ended.
8.What is the difference between present perfect aspect and simple past tense?
there are mainly two differences between present perfect aspect and simple past tense :
first, the emphasis is different.
present perfect aspect emphasizes on the influence of the activity on the present time;while
simple past tense emphasizes on the status of past time after the activity.
second, adverbials of time between the past progressive aspect and simple past tense are
different.
the past progressive aspect often appears together with adverbials like "already, yet, just,
ever, never, before",or "for+a period of time", and "since+a period of past
time/Subordinate Clause";
while simple past tense often appears together with words or phrases like "just now",""a
period of time+ago", "last week" and so on.
9.Please list at least five ways to express future time
1. you will do it for me.
2.are you going to do it for me?
3.you are to do it for.
4.what are you about to do for me?
5.i believe you will be doing it for me.
10.Please explain three ways to express the be-type subjective mood.
1.Be he rich or poor, i will mary hime all the same.
2.my father suggested that i be sent home at once.
3.If the rumor be true, everything is possible
11.Could you summrise the basic principle of spistemic use of moda; auxiliary?
12.Could you please illustrate the use of absolute construction?
一、 独立主格结构的含义和实质
“独立主格结构”（absolute construction）又叫“独立结构”，是带有自己主语的非谓语动词分句和
无动词分句。由于在语法上有自己的逻辑主语，结构上与主句不发生关系，因此传统语法叫做“独立主格
结构”。其实，所谓“独立主格结构”并非真正独立，它还是一种从属分句，与主句紧密联系在一起，共
同表达一个完整的意思，通常在句中起状语分句的作用。独立主格结构可放于句首、句尾，用逗号和主句
隔开。
二、 独立主格结构的基本形式和功能
独立主格结构可以分为两部分：一部分是名词或代词，起逻辑主语的作用；另一部分是非谓语动词分句（
现在分词、过去分词、不定式）或无动词分句（名词、形容词、副词、介词短语），表示前面名词或代词
的动作或状态。
基本形式是：名词普通格/代词主格+现在分词/过去分词/不定式/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语，with引
导的复合结构。
1． 名词/代词+ 现在分词
现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态等。
例 The man lay there, his hands trembling.
So many students being absent, the meeting had to be put off.
His homework having been done, Tom went to sleep.
注：“独立结构”中的being或 having been 有时可以省去，这样就成了无动词分句或过去分词分句。
2． 名词/代词+过去分词
过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作或所处的一种状态。
例 The boy lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head.
The job not finished, we couldn’t see the film.
Her shirt caught on a nail, she could not move.
后面两个句子也可以看成省略掉了having been，being。如果加上，这两个句子就又变成了现在分词分
句。
3． 名词/代词+不定式
不定式表示的是将来的动作。
例He suggested going for a picnic, Mary to provide the food.
These are the first two books， the third one to come out next month.
We shall get together at 7:30, the procession（游行） to start moving at 8 sharp.
4. 名词/代词+名词
名词一般做前面名词或代词的同位语。
例 Many people joined in the work, some of them women and children.
He fought the tiger，a stick his only weapon.
5． 名词/代词+形容词短语
形容词（短语）说明前面名词或代词的性质，状态，原因等。
例The floor wet and slippery, we had to stay outside for a while.
I heard that she got injured in the accident， my heart full of sorry.
这两个句子也可以看成是省略了being,如果加上，就变成了现在分词分句。
6． 名词/代词+副词
副词说明前面名词或代词的状态。
例 The meeting over, we all went home.
Nobody in, he left a message on the board.
He sat at the table, head down.
7. 名词/代词+介词短语
介词短语说明伴随前面名词或代词的方式或者状态。
例 The teacher came in, a book under his arm.
The hunter entered the forest， gun in hand．
Nobody at home, the thief took a lot of things away.
8． with引导的复合结构, 也可以认为是一种独立主格结构
例 A woman got on the bus with a baby around her arms.
The teacher came in with several students following behind.
With a lot of things to deal with, he will have a difficult time.
With the work done, he went out to eat.
He left the office with the lights on.
Mary rushed out of the house with the door open.
三、 学习独立主格结构应注意的一些问题
1． 独立主格结构中分句和主句的主语不一致
从以上例子我们可以看出，含有独立主格结构的句子，前后主语是不一致的，这也是独立主格结构和非
谓语分句作状语的最重要区别。
例 (1) Hearing the news, he was very excited.
(2) Winter coming, it gets colder and colder.
在这两个句子里，第一个句子，前后的主语是一致的，都是he, 也就是说动词hear的动作发出者是主语
he , 因此它是一个现在分词短语作状语表示原因的句子；而第二个句子，我们可以发现，有两个主语，第
一个是动词come 的逻辑主语winter, 而第二个主语是句子真正的主语it，非谓语动词coming 和it 之间没
有任何关系，因此它是一个独立主格结构。
2． 在独立主格结构中，动词是用现在分词还是过去分词
一般来说如果逻辑主语和动词之间是主谓关系，用现在分词。如：Time permitting, we will go out
to play.一句中，time 和 permit 之间是逻辑上的主谓关系－－－ “时间允许”，因此用现在分词。 如
果逻辑主语和动词之间是动宾关系，并且有被动的意思，用过去分词。如：“More time given,we
should have done it better. ”一句中，time 和give 之间的关系是动宾关系，有被动的意思---“如果
被给更多时间”，因此用过去分词。
3． 独立主格结构相当于一个状语从句
独立主格结构不是一个句子，而是相当于一个状语从句,可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式和伴随情况等
。
例 Work done, John went home.相当于一个表示时间的状语从句：When the work has been
done, John went home.
例There being no buses, we had to walk home.相当于一个表示原因的状语从句：Because there
are no buses, we had to walk home.
4． 完成时态的运用
在独立主格结构中如果强调分词的时间发生在主句动作时间之前，常用现在分词的完成时态having
done， 根据情况确定是用主动还是被动。
例The last bus having gone, we had to walk home.
His wallet having been stolen, he didn’t know what to do next.
参考：百度知道
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