Question

一道英语语法题目

如题：

Mother asked the youngest girl _______ with her toy car.

a. what the matter was b. what was the matter

选哪个，为什么

Answer 1

选b
这道题考的是间接引语
一般所引问句应用陈述句语序
但这里是what is/was the matter形式
语序不变

间接引语：
拉丁语语法名词，又叫间接引述，英文为 indirect statement。指用在表述意见的动词 [perception] 之后的一种从句，这种从句并非由主语直接叙述出来，而是通过第三人转述的。实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句，当直接引语为祈使句，陈述句，疑问句被转换成间接引语时，句子的结构，人称，时态，时间，时间状语和地点状语等都要发生改变。
间接引语中，引语的主语要使用宾格，动词要使用不定式，不定式的时态取决于引语动词发生的时间与主句动词时间的先后性，不定式的性、数取决于间接引语的主语（如前所述，只用宾格）。
当我们引用别人的话时，我们可以使用别人的原话，也可以用自己的话把意思转述出来。如果引用原话，被引用的部分就称之为直接引语，反之，则称为间接引语。
1、人称的转变 1）直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三人称，如： He said，“I am very sorry.” ——>He said that he was very sorry. 2）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，转换为第一人称，如： “You should be more careful next time,” my father told me.——> My father told me that I should be more careful the next time. 3）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说的，转换成第三人称。如： She said to her son, “I'll check your homework tonight.” ——> She said to her son that she would check his homework that night. 4）人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等，如： He asked me, “Will you go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon?” ——> He asked me whether I would go to the station with him to meet a friend of his that afternoon. 总之，人称的转换不是固定的，具体情况，具体对待，要符合逻辑。 2、时态的转换 直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际也是宾语从句的时态要求），变化如下： 直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般过去时 过去完成时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时 (不变) 过去进行时 过去完成进行时 一般将来时 过去将来时 can could may might must must/had to 例如： “I am very glad to visit your school”, she said. ——> She said she was very glad to visit our school. Tom said, “We are listening to the pop music.” ——> Tom said that they were listening to the pop music. Mother asked, “Have you finished your homework before you watch TV?” ——> Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV. He asked the conductor, “Where shall I get off to change to a No. 3 bus?” ——> He asked the conductor where he would get off to change to a No. 3 bus. “Why did she refuse to go there?” the teacher asked. ——> The teacher asked why she had refused to go there. Mother asked me, “Had you finished your homework before you watched TV?” ——> Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV. Tom said, “We were having a football match this time yesterday.” ——> Tom said that they were having a football match that time the day before. He said，“I haven't heard from my parents these days.” ——> He said that he hadn't heard from his parents those days. 3、直接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态无须改变的情况 1）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候，如： He always says, “I am tired out.” ——>He always says that he is tired out. 2）当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候，如： He will say, “I’ll try my best to help you.” ——>He will say that he will try his best to help me. 3）当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时，如： He said, “I went to college in 1994.” ——>He told us that he went to college in 1994. 4）当直接引语中有以when, while引导的从句，表示过去的时间时，如： He said，“When I was a child, I usually played football after school.” ——> He said that when he was a child, he usually played football after school. 5）当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时，如： Our teacher said to us, “Light travels faster than sound.” ——> Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. 6）当引语是谚语、格言时，如： He said，“Practice makes perfect.” ——>He said that practice makes perfect. 7）当直接引语中有情态动词should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, need时，如： 例如： The doctor said, “You'd better drink plenty of water.” ——> The doctor said I'd better drink plenty of water. He said, “She must be a teacher.”——> He said that she must be a teacher. He said, “She ought to have arrived her office by now.”——> He said that she ought to have arrived her office by then. The teacher said, “You needn't hand in your compositions today.”——> The teacher said we needn't/didn't need to/didn't have to hand in our compositions. She asked, “Must I take the medicine?”——> She asked if she had to take the medicine. 〔注〕：此处用had to代替must更好 8）此外转述中的变化要因实际情况而定，不能机械照搬，如果当地转述，here不必改为there, 动词come不必改为go，如果当天转述yesterday, tomorrow, this afternoon等均不必改变。如： Teacher: You may have the ball game this afternoon. Student : What did the teacher say, Monitor? Monitor: He said we might have the ball game this afternoon. 4、时间状语、地点状语及某些对比性的指示代词和动词变化 1）时间状语： 直接引语 间接引语 直接引语 间接引语 now （then）； tomorrow （the next / following day ） today (that day）； next week （the next / following week / month / year） yesterday（the day before） two days ago（ two days before ） last week /month/ year (the week/month/ year before) this week/month/year (that week/month/ year) 2）指示代词：these 变成those 3）地点状语：here变成there She said, “I won't come here any more.”——> She said that she wouldn’t go there any more.. 4）动词：come变成go，bring变成take 5、直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化 1）陈述句。用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直用接引语中的said, 也可用told来代替，注意，可以说said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that，不可直接说told that, 如： He said, “I have been to the Great Wall.” ——>He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall. He said, “I'll give you an examination next Monday.”——> He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday.（不可说told that） 此外主句中的谓语还常有： repeat, whisper, answer, reply, explain, announce, declare, think等，又如： He said，“I'm late because of the heavy traffic.”——> He explained to us that he was late because of the heavy traffic. 如果间接引语是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列从句，第一个连词可以省略，以后的连词一般不省略，以免混乱。 The doctor said, “You are not seriously ill, You will be better soon.”——> The doctor said（that）I was not seriously ill and that I would be better soon. 2）直接引语为一般疑问句，（也称是否疑问句，）间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked（me/him/us等），语序是陈述句的语序，这一点非常重要。 He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?”——> He asked（me）whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation. He said, “You are interested in English, aren't you?”——> He asked whether I was interested in English. 3） 直接引语为选择疑问句，间接引语用whether…or…表达，而不用if…or…，也不用either…or…. 如： He asked, “Do you speak English or French?”——> He asked me whether I spoke English or French.. I asked, “Will you take bus or take train?”——> I asked him whether he would take bus or take train. 4）直接引语为特殊疑问句，改成间接引语时，原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask（sb.）来表达，语序改为陈述句语序。如： He asked，“What's your name?”——> He asked（me）what my name was. He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?”——> He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country. 5）直接引语为祈使句时，改为间接引语，用带to的不定式表达，谓语动词常是ask, advise, tell, warn, order, request等。如ask sb. to do，（由肯定祈使句变成）ask sb. not to do（由否定祈使句转变），并且在不定式短语中的时间状语、地点状语、人称及时态都作相应的变化。如： He said，“Be seated, please.”——> He asked us to be seated. “Do be careful with your handwriting.” He said. ——> He told me to be careful with my handwriting. “Never come here again!” said the officer nearby. ——> The officer ordered the villagers never to go there again. “Don't touch anything in the lab without permission,” the teacher said. ——> The teacher warned the students not to touch anything in the lab without permission. 6）有些含有“建议”——>、“劝告”——>的祈使句，可用suggest, insist, offer等动词转述，如： He said, “Let's have a rest.”——> He suggested our having a rest. He said, “Let me help you.”——> He offered to help me. 7）当直接引语形式上是疑问句，有表示请求，建议意义时，可用ask sb. to do sth. /suggest doing/advise sb. to do sth. 等形式转述。如： “Would you mind opening the door?” he asked. ——>He asked me to open the door. “Why not going out for a walk?” he asked us. ——> He advised us to go out for a walk. 或He suggested we go out for a walk. 8）直接引语是感叹句时，变间接引语可用what或how引导，也可用that引导，如： She said, “What a lovely day it is!”——> She said what a lovely day it was. 或She said that it was a lovely day. 嵌套间接引语的从句： 如果间接引语当中还镶嵌有另一句从句，则被称为嵌套间接引语的从句，英文叫：the subordinate clause in indirect statement。这时，这样的从句要使用虚拟语气。从句动词的时态与主句动词的时态相关联。如： Dux dicebat militem qui fugisset poenas daturum esse. 统帅曾常说，那个逃跑的士兵将要受到惩罚。 qui fugisset[逃跑] 是一句关系从句，修饰militem “士兵”，由于处在dicebat [说]后面的间接引语当中，因此需使用虚拟语气。间接引语的动词是不定式 daturum esse[将受到]，为将来时，因为动作发生在主句动词“说”之后，而 fugisset [逃跑]为虚拟语气的过去完成时，表示在统帅“说话”之前已经逃走了

Answer 2

B 希望对你有帮助:
像以上这种宾语从句的题目，只要是what is the matter ,what's wrong,
who does the cleaning,which way is the best 等等这种句子的疑问的对象是主语时（如：who does the cleaning疑问的对象是某个人（即who谁），这个人为这句话的主语），就不用改变语序了，直接调整时态就可以了。

Answer 3

选B
因为在这句话中what was the matter做的是asked的宾语，如果按照常规语法的话应该用陈述语序，但是what was the matter是固定搭配，无论什么时候它的语序是不会变的

Answer 4

B

虽然说宾语从句后面要用陈述句语序，但是有几个例外！

比如 what is wrong / what is the matter 之类的，照样还是用疑问句语序！

Answer 5

b. what was the matter
这道题在这里已经被人问过N次了。这是一个宾语从句，要用陈述语序。what 是主语，was the matter是谓语（系表结构）