非谓语动词会在句中做什么成分
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先搞清楚主句（主谓宾）的意思,再看看非谓语动词部分的意思,你就会知道该怎样联立句子的两个部分了.他一般做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义.
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词.
1、不定式和动名词作主语的区别
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作.
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟.(抽象)
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好.(具体)
(2)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验.
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的.
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣.(经验)
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦.(经验)
(3）不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置.
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.
2、不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别
(1)不定式作表语
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作.
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做.
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干.
2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件）,表语也是不定式（表示结果）.
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见.
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活.
3)如果主语是以aim, duty, hope, idea, happiness, job, plan, problem, purpose, thing, wish等为中心的名词,或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明 作用.
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车.
The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.
The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant．
(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语,表示抽象的一般性的行为.
Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务.
(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同,但其所属结构迥异,进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的.动名词做表语,说明主语的性质或情况.
People cannot but feel puzzled, for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake.
His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected．
3、它还能作定语.
1)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是主谓关系
He was the last one to leave school yesterday．昨天他是最后一个离开教室的.
The train to arrive was from London．将要到站的火车是从伦敦开来的.
2)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是动宾关系
Get him something to eat．给他拿点儿东西吃.
She has a lot of work to do in the morning．早上他有很多工作要做.
3)不及物动词构成的不定式做定语,要加上适当的介词和被修饰的名词形成逻辑上的动宾关系,这里的介词不能省去.
I need a pen to write with．我需要一支笔写字.
There is nothing to worry about．没有什么值得发愁的.
4)不定式修饰一些表示方向、原因、时间、机会、权利等抽象名词如：
ability能力,本领 drive赶,驾驶 movement运动,活动
ambition抱负,野心 effort努力,尝试 need需要,需求
campaign战役,运动 failure失败,不及格 opportunity机会
chance机会 force力,压力,要点 promise许诺,希望
courage勇气 intention意向,意图 reason理由,原因
decision决定 method方法,方式 light光,光线,亮光
determination决心,决定 motive动机,目的 struggle奋斗,努力,
tendency倾向,趋势 wish希望,愿望,祝愿
5）被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next, second, last, only和not a,the等限定词时候,只能用不定式.
4、它能作状语,表伴随,有时表时间条件结果原因目的等.重点你要搞清楚,逻辑主语跟该动词的关系是被动还是主动,你才能搞清楚他们的关系、
1)分词作状语一般表示伴随,而不定式常常表示目的.
They stood by the roadside talking about the plan．他们站在路边谈论着这个计划.(伴随)
They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan．他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划.(目的)
2)分词作状语放在句子开头,除表示原因之外有时表示时间或条件.动词不定式作状语时,除了表示目的以外,还表示结果或原因.
Reading attentively,he forgot the time for lunch．由于在专心读书,他忘了吃午饭的时间.(原因)
Reading carefully,he found something he had not known before．他仔细读书时,发现了一些从前不知道的东西.(时间)
Reading carefully,you'll learn something new．只要你仔细阅读,你会学到一些新的东西.(条件)
His family was too poor to support him．他的家庭太穷,不能维持他的生活.(结果)
The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf．这男孩个子不够高,手伸不到书架.(结果)
We are glad to hear the news．我们很高兴听到这消息.(原因)
5．非谓语动词常考的其它结构
（1)疑问词+不定式结构
疑问词who,what,which,when,where和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语.它在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语和双重宾语.如：
When to start has not been decided．何时动身尚未决定.(主语)
I don't know what to do．我不知道该怎么办.(宾语)
The difficulty was how to cross the river．困难在于如何过河.(表语)
I can tell you where to get this book.我可以告诉你哪里可以买到此书.（双重宾语）
注）A.有时疑问词前可用介词,如：
I have no idea of how to do it.我不知道如何做此事.
B.动词know 后面不能直接跟不定式作宾语,只能跟疑问词（如：how, what）+不定式：
While still a young boy, Tom knew to play the piano well and as he grew older, he wrote operas, the most famous of which is Carmen.
(2)介词except和but作“只有…,只能…”讲时跟不定式结构（but与不带to的不定式连用）.
When the streets are full of melting snow, you cannot help but getting your shoes wet.
(3)不带to的不定式
1）在表示生理感觉的动词后的不定式不带to.这类词有：
feel 觉得 observe 注意到,看到 overhear听到
watch注视 listen to听 perceive察觉,感知
notice注意 see看见 look at看 hear听
On seeing the young child fell into the lake,Eric sprang to his feet,and went on the rescue.
2)另一类是某些使役动词,如make, let,have等.如：
Let him do it.让他做吧.
I would have you know that I am ill．我想要你知道我病了.
(注)：
①上述感觉动词与使役动词转换为被动结构时．其后的不定式一般需带to,如：
He was seen to come．
The boy was made to go to bed early.
②在动词find与help之后,不定式可带to亦可不带to,如:
He was surprised to find the sheep (to) break fence at this season．他发现羊在此季节越出栅栏,感到惊讶.
3)在do nothing／anything／everything but(except)结构中.例如：
Last night I did nothing but watch TV．昨天晚上,我除了看电视别的什么也没有干.
但是,如果谓语动词不是“do nothing,anything,everything”,那么but(except)所跟的不定式则仍须带.
The doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking．医生除了让他戒烟,其它什么都没有说.
There was nothing for them to do but to remain silent．除了保持沉默以外,他们没有别有别的办法.
（4）不定式与动名词的逻辑主语和分词独立结构
1)不定式的逻辑主语为：for +名词(或代词宾格)+ 不定式.例如：
I found it impossible for him to do the job alone．我发现他—个人干这活是不可能的.
(注)在表示人物性格、特性等的形容词后面,常用of引出不定式的逻辑主语.例如：
It was wise of him to do that．他那样做是明智的.
2)动名词的逻辑主语为；①人称代词的所有格+动名词；②名词's+动名词.例如：
Tom insisted on my going with them．他坚持要我和他们一起去.
He dislikes his wife's working late．他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚.
6、非谓语动词中的有关句型
（1）动名词作主语的句型
1）Doing...+ v. Reading is an art.阅读是门艺术.Seeing is believing.眼见为实.
2) It is + no use, no good (fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore...)等名词+doing sth.
It is no use crying.哭没有用.It is no good objecting.反对也没有用.
It is a great fun playing football．打篮球很有趣.
It is a waste of time trying to explain．设法解释是浪费时间.
3)It is + useless (nice, good,interesting, expensive等形容词)+ doing sth．
It is useless speaking.光说没用.
It is nice seeing you again．真高兴又遇到了你.
It is good Playing chess after supper．晚饭后弈棋挺好.
It is expensive running this car．开这种小车是浪费.
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词.
1、不定式和动名词作主语的区别
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作.
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟.(抽象)
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好.(具体)
(2)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验.
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的.
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣.(经验)
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦.(经验)
(3）不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置.
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.
2、不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别
(1)不定式作表语
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作.
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做.
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干.
2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件）,表语也是不定式（表示结果）.
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见.
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活.
3)如果主语是以aim, duty, hope, idea, happiness, job, plan, problem, purpose, thing, wish等为中心的名词,或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明 作用.
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车.
The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.
The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant．
(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语,表示抽象的一般性的行为.
Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务.
(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同,但其所属结构迥异,进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的.动名词做表语,说明主语的性质或情况.
People cannot but feel puzzled, for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake.
His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected．
3、它还能作定语.
1)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是主谓关系
He was the last one to leave school yesterday．昨天他是最后一个离开教室的.
The train to arrive was from London．将要到站的火车是从伦敦开来的.
2)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是动宾关系
Get him something to eat．给他拿点儿东西吃.
She has a lot of work to do in the morning．早上他有很多工作要做.
3)不及物动词构成的不定式做定语,要加上适当的介词和被修饰的名词形成逻辑上的动宾关系,这里的介词不能省去.
I need a pen to write with．我需要一支笔写字.
There is nothing to worry about．没有什么值得发愁的.
4)不定式修饰一些表示方向、原因、时间、机会、权利等抽象名词如：
ability能力,本领 drive赶,驾驶 movement运动,活动
ambition抱负,野心 effort努力,尝试 need需要,需求
campaign战役,运动 failure失败,不及格 opportunity机会
chance机会 force力,压力,要点 promise许诺,希望
courage勇气 intention意向,意图 reason理由,原因
decision决定 method方法,方式 light光,光线,亮光
determination决心,决定 motive动机,目的 struggle奋斗,努力,
tendency倾向,趋势 wish希望,愿望,祝愿
5）被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next, second, last, only和not a,the等限定词时候,只能用不定式.
4、它能作状语,表伴随,有时表时间条件结果原因目的等.重点你要搞清楚,逻辑主语跟该动词的关系是被动还是主动,你才能搞清楚他们的关系、
1)分词作状语一般表示伴随,而不定式常常表示目的.
They stood by the roadside talking about the plan．他们站在路边谈论着这个计划.(伴随)
They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan．他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划.(目的)
2)分词作状语放在句子开头,除表示原因之外有时表示时间或条件.动词不定式作状语时,除了表示目的以外,还表示结果或原因.
Reading attentively,he forgot the time for lunch．由于在专心读书,他忘了吃午饭的时间.(原因)
Reading carefully,he found something he had not known before．他仔细读书时,发现了一些从前不知道的东西.(时间)
Reading carefully,you'll learn something new．只要你仔细阅读,你会学到一些新的东西.(条件)
His family was too poor to support him．他的家庭太穷,不能维持他的生活.(结果)
The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf．这男孩个子不够高,手伸不到书架.(结果)
We are glad to hear the news．我们很高兴听到这消息.(原因)
5．非谓语动词常考的其它结构
（1)疑问词+不定式结构
疑问词who,what,which,when,where和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语.它在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语和双重宾语.如：
When to start has not been decided．何时动身尚未决定.(主语)
I don't know what to do．我不知道该怎么办.(宾语)
The difficulty was how to cross the river．困难在于如何过河.(表语)
I can tell you where to get this book.我可以告诉你哪里可以买到此书.（双重宾语）
注）A.有时疑问词前可用介词,如：
I have no idea of how to do it.我不知道如何做此事.
B.动词know 后面不能直接跟不定式作宾语,只能跟疑问词（如：how, what）+不定式：
While still a young boy, Tom knew to play the piano well and as he grew older, he wrote operas, the most famous of which is Carmen.
(2)介词except和but作“只有…,只能…”讲时跟不定式结构（but与不带to的不定式连用）.
When the streets are full of melting snow, you cannot help but getting your shoes wet.
(3)不带to的不定式
1）在表示生理感觉的动词后的不定式不带to.这类词有：
feel 觉得 observe 注意到,看到 overhear听到
watch注视 listen to听 perceive察觉,感知
notice注意 see看见 look at看 hear听
On seeing the young child fell into the lake,Eric sprang to his feet,and went on the rescue.
2)另一类是某些使役动词,如make, let,have等.如：
Let him do it.让他做吧.
I would have you know that I am ill．我想要你知道我病了.
(注)：
①上述感觉动词与使役动词转换为被动结构时．其后的不定式一般需带to,如：
He was seen to come．
The boy was made to go to bed early.
②在动词find与help之后,不定式可带to亦可不带to,如:
He was surprised to find the sheep (to) break fence at this season．他发现羊在此季节越出栅栏,感到惊讶.
3)在do nothing／anything／everything but(except)结构中.例如：
Last night I did nothing but watch TV．昨天晚上,我除了看电视别的什么也没有干.
但是,如果谓语动词不是“do nothing,anything,everything”,那么but(except)所跟的不定式则仍须带.
The doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking．医生除了让他戒烟,其它什么都没有说.
There was nothing for them to do but to remain silent．除了保持沉默以外,他们没有别有别的办法.
（4）不定式与动名词的逻辑主语和分词独立结构
1)不定式的逻辑主语为：for +名词(或代词宾格)+ 不定式.例如：
I found it impossible for him to do the job alone．我发现他—个人干这活是不可能的.
(注)在表示人物性格、特性等的形容词后面,常用of引出不定式的逻辑主语.例如：
It was wise of him to do that．他那样做是明智的.
2)动名词的逻辑主语为；①人称代词的所有格+动名词；②名词's+动名词.例如：
Tom insisted on my going with them．他坚持要我和他们一起去.
He dislikes his wife's working late．他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚.
6、非谓语动词中的有关句型
（1）动名词作主语的句型
1）Doing...+ v. Reading is an art.阅读是门艺术.Seeing is believing.眼见为实.
2) It is + no use, no good (fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore...)等名词+doing sth.
It is no use crying.哭没有用.It is no good objecting.反对也没有用.
It is a great fun playing football．打篮球很有趣.
It is a waste of time trying to explain．设法解释是浪费时间.
3)It is + useless (nice, good,interesting, expensive等形容词)+ doing sth．
It is useless speaking.光说没用.
It is nice seeing you again．真高兴又遇到了你.
It is good Playing chess after supper．晚饭后弈棋挺好.
It is expensive running this car．开这种小车是浪费.
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先搞清楚主句（主谓宾）的意思,再看看非谓语动词部分的意思,你就会知道该怎样联立句子的两个部分了.他一般做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。
1、不定式和动名词作主语的区别
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作.
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟.(抽象)
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好.(具体)
(2)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验.
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的.
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣.(经验)
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦.(经验)
(3）不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置.
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.
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