虚拟语气和条件句
一、性质不同
1、虚拟语气:主要用来表示假设,而非客观存在的事实,所陈述的是一个条件,不一定是事实,甚至完全与事实相反。
2、条件句:一种表示假设的主从复合句,一般由连词 if 引导的条件从句引出某种假设,再由主句表示基于这种假设下的反馈。
二、分类不同
1、虚拟语气分类:
(1)陈述语气
在陈述句、疑问句和一些感叹句中,表示行为或状态是客观的、确定的或事实的。如:
Iraq is an Asian country.
译文:伊拉克是亚洲国家。(肯定句)
(2)祈使语气
表示发言者对另一方的请求、警告、建议或命令。如:
Please come over here.
译文:请到这边来。
(3)虚拟语气
虚拟语气是指说话人的主观愿望、怀疑、建议或者假设与事实不符,而不是客观存在的事实。虚拟语气是用句子中谓词的特殊形式来表达的。如:
If I were a bird,I would be able to fly in the air.
译文:如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。
2、条件句分类:
(1)真实条件句:
表示当条件子句假定的操作实际发生时,主语子句的操作的反馈。
Si di moriuntur, quis Romanos iuvat?
译文:如果[一旦]众神死去,谁来帮助罗马人呢?[众神有无死去,说话者不能确定]
(2)非真实条件句:
这意味着,当条件条款假定的行为不是客观发生的,而是主观虚构的,主句动作的反馈。[所谓的与事实相反]。
Si di morerentur, quis Romanos iuvaret?
译文: 假如众神都死去了,谁还会来帮助罗马人呢?[说话者非常肯定,众神没有死去,也未离开罗马人]
扩展资料:
虚拟语气也用于表示假想的错误、与事实相反或难以实现的情况,以及表达主观愿望或某些强烈的情绪。即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法,愿望,假想,猜测,怀疑或建议,而不是根据客观实际,就用虚拟语气。
主要是英语语法的一种表达。英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。
参考资料来源:百度百科-条件句
参考资料来源:百度百科-虚拟语气
虚拟语气
1)
概念
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。
2)
在条件句中的应用
条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气。
16.1
真实条件句
真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况可能发生,其中
if
是如果的意思。
时态关系
句型:
条件从句
主句
一般现在时
shall/will
+
动词原形
If
he
comes,
he
will
bring
his
violin.
典型例题
The
volleyball
match
will
be
put
off
if
it
___.
A. will
rain
B.
rains
C.
rained
D.
is
rained
答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时。
注意:
1)
在真实条件句中,主句不能用be
going
to表示将来,该用shall,
will.
(错)
If
you
leave
now,
you
are
never
going
to
regret
it.
(对)
If
you
leave
now,
you
will
never
regret
it.
2)
表示真理时,主句谓语动词便不用shall
(will)
+动词原形,而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。
16.2
非真实条件句
1)时态:可以表示过去,现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。
a.
同现在事实相反的假设。
句型
:
条件从句 主句
一般过去时 should(
would)
+动词原形
If
they
were
here,
they
would
help
you.
b.
表示于过去事实相反的假设。
句型:
条件从句
主句
过去完成时
should(would)
have+
过去分词
If
she
had
worked
harder,
she
would
have
succeeded.
The
rice
would
not
have
been
burnt
if
you
had
been
more
careful.
If
my
lawyer
had
been
here
last
Saturday,
he
would
have
prevented
me
from
going.
If
he
had
come
yesterday,
I
should
/
would
have
told
him
about
it.
含义:He
did
not
come
yesterday,
so
I
did
not
tell
him
about
it.
If
he
had
not
been
ill
and
missed
many
classes,
he
would
have
made
greater
progress.
含义:
He
was
ill
and
missed
many
lessons,
so
he
did
not
make
greater
progress.
c.
表示对将来的假想
句型:
条件从句
主句
一般过去时
should+
动词原形
were+
不定式
would
+
动词原形
should+
动词原形
If
you
succeeded,
everything
would
be
all
right.
If
you
should
succeed,
everything
would
be
all
right.
If
you
were
to
succeed,
everything
would
be
all
right.
16.3
混合条件句
主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主,从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这叫做混合条件句。
If
you
had
asked
him
yesterday,
you
would
know
what
to
do
now.
(从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。)
If
it
had
rained
last
night
(过去),
it
would
be
very
cold
today
(现在).