高考英语改错题怎么做?改错题如何不丢分?
短文改错解题思路和检查原则
1. 句中各部分的结构是否完整,特别是每个句子要有动词;
2. 谓语动词的时态、语态;
3. 非谓语动词的用法;
4. 名词的单、复数,格的使用是否正确;
5. 定冠词和不定冠词是否正确;
6. 代词的格和性的使用是否有误;
7. 定语从句中关系代词、关系副词是否准确无误;
8. 并列句中的并列连词、主从复合句中的'从属连词用的是否得当。
短文改错解题四原则
改动以最少为原则;
虚词以添加或删除为原则;
实词以改变词形为原则;
以保持句子原意为原则。
解题注意要点和能力培养
1. 核对错项时,若的确有一时难以改出的地方,可以参考所改动项是否基本符合“1:1:8”的比例。即多一词1个,缺词1个,错词8个。
2. 核对改正的语法项目是否有重复。因为短文改错往往覆盖面广,一般不会出现重复考查某个语法点的现象。
3. 核对答题符号是否规范,位置是否准确,看看有无遗漏符号、忽略字母大小写和拼写等问题。
解题思路(三步解题法)
第一步:快速浏览全文,把握文章的主要时态、人称及文章的主旨大意,顺便标记自己一眼就能看出的错误。
第二步:细读文章,找出错误并改正。一般要结合文章的上下文以及出题规律来做题。
第三步:代入正确答案通读全文,看其是否通顺。
出题规律及破解关键
高考短文改错一般会在以下八个方面进行设题。
1. 动词:主要考查时态、主谓一致和固定搭配。例如:
①时态混用
Then the trouble started. We can’t open the door. So we asked the policeman for help.
(很显然此段的主时态是一般过去式,因此应把can’t改为couldn’t。)
②主谓不一致
There were a football game on TV last Saturday evening.
(a football game决定了谓语动词用单数,故应该把were改为was。)
③固定搭配
He had little money left, so he had to give up buy the computer.
(give up doing sth.是固定用法,故动词buy应该改为buying。)
2. 名词:主要考查单复数混用。例如:
Helen is seventeen year old. She is very busy.
(表示“年龄多大了”应该为复数形式,故应把year改为years。)
3. 形容词/副词:主要考查两者之间是否混用。例如:
①副词代替正确形容词
During the football season, Helen is much busier than usually.
(很明显是“与平时相比较更忙”,因此需要把usually改为usual。)
②形容词代替正确副词
As the time clock showed one minute and forty-two seconds left in the game, she began cheering excited, “Come on — get going!”
(显然应把excited改为excitedly,用来修饰动词cheer。)
4. 介词:主要考查固定搭配,特别是动词和介词的搭配。例如:
①介词遗漏
I’m sure you will get rid the sorrow and unhappiness caused by the disaster.
(get rid of 是固定搭配,意为“摆脱,除去”。)
②介词多余
My wife is also happy because of I have given up smoking.
(这里显然是区分because of与because的用法。前者不能接句子,而后者充当连词可以接句子,故应该把of去掉。)
③介词错用(一般为固定搭配)
I pick out her false hair and said, “Don’t be sad, Miss.”
(pick out改为pick up。pick out挑选;pick up捡起。)
5. 连词:主要考查句子之间的逻辑关系。常考的三种关系主要是:转折 (but)、并列(and)和因果(because)。例如:
One day, my wife and I went shopping at a store. We drove the car but we had a lot of things to buy.
(显然,句意为“我们开车去的原因是因为我们要买很多东西”,所以应该把but改为because / as / for。)
6. 句式:主要考查that与what或which / how与what之间的转换。这是短文改错的常考点。例如:
She never has enough time for that she wants to do.
(句意为:她没有足够多的时间来做自己想做的事情。很明显应该把that改为what。)
7. 冠词:主要考查冠词是否多余或遗漏。例如:
①冠词多余
So I went to sell newspapers after the school.
(“放学后”应该用after school表示,故此处定冠词多余,应去掉the。)
②冠词遗漏
As we all left home at early age, we met lots of problems in our daily life.
(at an early age表示“很小的时候”,故early前应加不定冠词。)
8.代词:主要考查代词是否多余或遗漏,以及代词之间的混用。例如:
①代词多余
Don’t lose your heart if you fail in the exam.
(lose heart表示“泄气,丧失勇气”,而lose one’s heart to sb. / sth.表示“爱上,钟情于……”。根据语境,此处很明显是指“别泄气”,故应该把your去掉。)
②代词遗漏
A teacher could make classes lively and interesting.
(应该在classes前加his,表示“使他的课堂生动有趣”。)
③代词混用
We were living in a big family. We treated each other as brothers and sisters. If any one of them had any difficulty, the other would help him or her out.
(根据句意“我们生活在一个大家庭之中,彼此间相处如同兄弟姐妹。如果我们之中谁有困难,其他人就会帮助他/她解决困难”,所以应把them改为us,把other改为others。)