现在完成进行时的被动语态怎么表示?过去完成时呢?
现在完成进行时的被动语态怎么表示?过去完成时呢?
现在完成时为:have/has +been 指过去发生的事,对现在产生了影响,或一直到现在.
例:I have been learnt English for five years.我已经学了五年英语.(现在依然在学.)
现在完成进行时为:have/has +been +doing指过去发生的事,到现在这个点还在做.
例:She has been skating for three hours.她已经滑了三个小时.(现在还在滑.)
希望能给到你提供帮助~
现在完成进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时的用法及区别
1)现在完成进行时和现在完成时皆可表示动作对现在产生的结果,但前者所表示的结果是直接的,而后者所表示的则是最后的结果。如:
We have been cleaning the classroom.(a)
We have cleaned the classroom.(b)
(a)句可译为“我们打扫教室来着。”其直接结果可能是:我们身上都是灰。(b)句可以译为“我们把教室打扫过了。”其结果是:现在教室很清洁,可以用了。又,(a)句表示教室刚刚打扫过,(b)句则可能表示教室是昨天打扫的。
Be careful! John has been painting the door.(a)
John has painted the door.(b)
(a)句表示约翰刚刚把门油漆过,现在油漆还未干,所以你要小心。(b)句则无此含义,油漆可能已干了。
(2)现在完成进行时有时有延续性,现在完成时往往没有。如:
They have been widening the road.(a)
They have widened the road.(b)
(a)句的意思是他们在加宽马路,但尚未完工。(b)句的意思则是已完工了。有时现在完成时有延续性(如一些属于持续体的动词),但无临时性质。如:
Mr. Smith has been living in London since 1978.(a)
Mr. Smith has lived in London since 1979.(b)
(a)句有“史密斯先生在伦敦久居”的含义,(b)句则没有。
(3)但现在完成进行时并不总是具有临时的性质,如:
My mother has been teaching English for enty years.(a)
My mother has taught English for enty years.(b)
(a)句在此并无临时性质,但较口语化。(b)句则较为正式。又,(a)句表示动作现在仍在继续.并将延续下去,(b)句的动作是否延续下去,须由上下文决定,但在一般情况下都是延续下去的。
(4)现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复,现在完成时则常常不带重复性。如:
Have you been meeting her lately?(a)
Have you met her lately?(b)
(a)句有“经常相会”之意,(b)句则没有。(b)句如与often,every day等时间状语连用,当然也表示动作在重复。
(5)现在完成进行时比较生动,有时含有明显的感 *** 彩,而现在完成时往往只说明一个事实,一种影响或结果,平铺直叙,没有什么感 *** 彩可言。如:
What have you been doing?(a)
What have you done?(b)
(a)句表示惊异。(b)句只是一个问题。
Have you been waiting long?(a)
Have you waited long?(b)
(a)句较(b)句生动。又,(a)句比较口语化。
I have been wanting to meet you for long.(a)
I have long wanted to meet you.(b)
(a)句比(b)句更亲切,更有礼貌。
Recently Mary has been doing her work regularly.(a)
Recently Mary has done her work regularly.(b)
(a)句显然是在表扬玛丽。(b)只说明一个事实。
下面还有一例,颇为有趣:
Who's been eating my apples?(a)
Who's eaten my apples?(b)
(a)句有强烈的感 *** 彩,表示愤怒不满,(b)句只是希望回答的一个问题。又,(a)句兼有进行时态,所以有“苹果未被全部吃光”的意思,(b)句是完成时态,说明“苹果一个不剩了”。
过去完成时
1) 概念:表示过去的过去
过去完成时:即过去的过去所发生的事情!
其构成是主语+had +过去分词。
那时以前 那时 现在
2) 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
c. 表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本……,未能……"
We had hoped that you would e, but you didn't.
3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was elve, Edison had begun to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
过去完成时的用法(2)
表示过去某一动作之前已经完成的动作,常与由when,before等连词引导的时间状语从句连用。
When I woke up it had already sped raining.
我醒来的时候雨就已经停了。
I hadn't learned any English before I came here.
我来这儿之前没学过英语。
常用于引导这类状语从句的连词有:when当……的时候,as soon as一…就,
before在……之前,after在……之后,until直到,等。
过去完成时的用法(3)
用于宾语从句或间接引语中
I wondered who had taken the umbrella without permission.
我想知道谁不经允许就把雨伞拿去。
He told me that he had passed the exam.
他告诉我他已通过考试。
过去完成时的用法(4)
某些动词的过去完成时表示一个打算要做却没有做成的事。
I had intended to e over to see you last night, but someone called and I couldn't get away.
昨晚我本打算来看你,但有人来找,脱不开身。
We had hoped to catch the early bus, but found it was gone.
我们本希望搭早班车,却发现车已开了。
这类动词有:intend打算,hope希望,plan计划,mean预定,want想要,
think想要,等。
过去完成时的用法(5)
用于表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件从句中
If you had e yesterday, you would have met him.
如果你昨天来的话,你就已经见到他的面了。
She would have e if she hadn’t been so busy.
要不是这么忙的话,她就已经来了。
It was given by him! But I didn't want to aept!
This kind of idea had never been thought about before yesterday!
She will have been left by you at this time of tomorrow.
The bycicle is being repaired by you!!!
第一个是一般过去时的被动语态。(一般现在时和一般将来时与其类似,只是be动词的区别罢了【即was/were与will be与is/are的区别)
第二个是过去完成时的被动语态。(现在完成时与其类似)
第三个是将来完成时的被动语态。
第四个是现在进行时的被动语态。但是,一般来说,这种情况在英语表达中是非常之少的。
过去完成时,现在完成进行时的区别
所针对的时间点不一样。比方说:我五年前就学会了骑车。就是用过去完成时。如果是我(现在)学会了骑车。那就用现在完成时。
你可以看看:examda./cet4/Guide/20070402/142738381.
现在完成时,过去完成时,现在完成进行时的区别
现在完成时:现在完成时表示到说话时为止(或到现在为止)已经发生或完成了(不一定结束)的动作或状态。过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在并且有可能还会持续的动作或状态。基本结构:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(p.p)(V-ed) e.g done ①肯定句中:主语+has/have+动词的过去分词(p.p)(V-ed)+宾语(或者其他).②否定句中:主语+haven't/hasn't+动词的过去分词(p.p)(V-ed)+宾语.③一般疑问句中:Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词(p.p)(V-ed)+宾语或者其他(末尾用问号)过去完成时:过去完成时(past perfect tense):表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”表示发生在过去的动作对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或结果,用来指定在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的一个事件。主语+had+过去分词vpp.(done)①肯定句:主语+had+过去分词+其他.②否定句:主语+had+not+过去分词+其他.③一般疑问句:Had+主语+过去分词+其他?肯定回答:Yes,主语+had.否定回答:No,主语+hadn't.④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句(Had+主语+过去分词+其他)⑤被动语态:主语+had (not) +been+过去分词+其他过去完成进行时:过去完成进行时与过去完成时的用法很相近,它通常表示某个过去正在进行的动作或状态,持续到过去某个时刻,还未完成,一直持续到之后才结束
英语现在完成进行时&过去完成时&过去完成进行时
现在完成进行时是表示动作从过去一直延续到现在,并且还要继续下去。
过去完成时是表示在过去的某个时间点上,动作已经完成了,动作是发生在过去的过去。
过去完成进行时是表示动作从过去的过去延续到过去的那个时间点还要延续,但没有到现在。
过去完成时和现在完成进行时的区别
过去完成时和现在完成进行时的共同之处:都表示动作或影响的延续。
区别:前者表示延续至过去某时;后者表示延续至现在。I had never known what was sorrow before my dad was dead at the age of 14.
Have you ever been to the Great Wall?
现在完成时、现在完成进行时、过去完成时、过去完成进行时的标志词,要注意区分一下!
现在完成时:have done;
现在完成进行时:have been doing;
过去完成时:had done;
过去完成进行时:had been doing。
现在完成时 过去完成时和完成进行时的结构
1. 过去完成时
1) 概念:表示过去的过去
----|-------|-----|---->其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时以前 那时 现在
2) 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
c. 表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…"
We had hoped that you would e, but you didn't.
3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was elve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
注意: had no … when 还没等…… 就……
had no sooner… than 刚…… 就……
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
2.过去完成进行时的构成
过去完成进行时是由"had been + 现在分词"构成。
She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.
她在考试之前一直患重感冒。
过去完成进行时的用法
①表示过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作。
过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始,一直延续到这一过去时间。和过去完成时一样,过去完成进行时也必须以一过去时间为前提。
I had been looking for it for days before I found it.
这东西我找了好多天才找着的。
They had only been waiting for the bus a few moments when it came.
他们只等了一会儿车就来了。
②表示反复的动作。
He had been mentioning your name to me.
他过去多次向我提到过你的名字。
You had been giving me everything.
你对我真是有求必应。
③过去完成进行时还常用于间接引语中(详见第12章)。
The doctor asked what he had been eating.
医生问他吃了什么。
I asked where they had been staying all those days.
我问他们那些天是呆在哪儿的。
④过去完成进行时之后也可接具有“突然”之意的when分句。
I had only been reading a few minutes when he came in.
我刚看了几分钟他就进来了。
She'd only been reviewing her lessons for a short while when her little sister interrupted her.
她温习功课才一会儿,她妹妹就打断她了。
3.将来完成时的构成
将来完成时的构成是由"shall/will + have +过去分词"构成的。
Before long he will have fotten all about the matter.
不久他就会全然忘记这件事的。
He is somebody now. He will not have remembered his old clas *** ates.
他现在是一个有身份的人了,他可能不会记得老同学了。
Will you have known Kevin for 10 years next month?
到下个月你认识凯文该有10年了吧?
将来完成时的用法
①表示在将来某一时间之前已完成的动作,并往往对将来某一时间产生影响。
We shall have learned 12 units by the end of this term.
到这个学期末,我们将学完12个单元。
By the time you get home I will have cleaned the house from to bottom.
你到家之前我将把房子彻底打扫一遍。
②表示推测,相当于"must have done"结构。
You will have heard of this, I guess.
我想你已经听说过这件事了。
I am sure he will have got the information.
我相信他一定得到了这个信息。
注:
在时间状语从句中,不用将来完成时,要用现在完成时来代替。
When I have finished that, I shall have done all I am supposed to do.
等我做完这件事时,我就做完我该做的所有的事了。
Please don't get off the bus until it has sped.
请等车停稳后下车。
4.将来完成进行时
形式will/shall have been+现在分词用于第一人称,而 will have
been+现在分词用于其他人称。
用法
正如将来完成时一样,它通常与一个以by开头的时间短语连用:
By the end of this year he’ll have been acting for thirty years.
到今年年底他当演员就满30年了。
将来完成进行时与将来完成时的关系和现在完成进行时与现在完成时的关系一样。即在以下情况下可以用将来完成进行时而不用将来完成时:
1 动作本身就是连续的:
By the end of the month he will have been living/working/studying here for ten years.
到了月底他在这里居住/工作/学习就满十年了。
2 一种经常进行的动作被表示为连续的动作:
By the end of this month he will have been training horses/climbing mountains for enty years.
到了这个月底他驯马/登山就满 20年了。
但是如果提到所驯马匹或所攀登的山峰的数目,或用任何方式把动作分割为一次又一次的动作,就必须用将来完成时:
By the end of the month he will have trained 600 horses/climbed 50 mountains.
到本月底,他驯服的马就有600匹/攀登的山峰就有50座了。
5.现在完成时(The Present Perfect Tense)
1. 动作发生于一个非确定的过去的时间(过去的时间并不重要或根本不知道),但它的结果仍对现在有影响.
I have read the letter, and I know what it is about.
2. 动作发生在过去,目前仍在继续或刚刚结束, 常和 "for" 加上 "一段时间", 或"since" 加上"一个确切的过去的时间" 连用.
a) "for" 用于过去的一段时间. (动词必须是可以延续的)
He has been there for six months. 她去那儿有6个月了。
(直到现在)
He went there 6 months ago.
He has never been there. 他从来都没去过那里。(直到现在)
b) "since" 用于过去的一个确切的时间, 意思是"从那时一直到现在", 总是和完成时一齐用, 而且不能省略. (主句动词必须是可以延续的)
Tim has been in Nantong since January. 自从1月份以来他一直都在南通。(现在仍在南通)
注意: "since" 后面的确切的过去的时间也可以是一个含有过去时的从句.
He has been interested in collecting coins since he was a child.
他打小时侯起就对收集硬币感兴趣。(现在还是如此)
c) 现在完成时常和短语 "up to now /till now", "so far" (意思是从过去某一确定的时间一直延续到现在.)
Up to/till now he's read many story books. 至今他已读过好多故事书。
I've been to New York three times so far. 至今我已到纽约去过三次。
3. 刚刚完成的动作.
I've just got a letter from my brother.
4. "already" 用于现在完成时的肯定句中, "yet" 用于现在完成时的否定句和疑问句中
He has (already) visited many places in China. (already)
He has e back now. Have you ever been to Australia?
注意 "already" 在句中的两种位置.
The train hasn't arrived yet.火车(到现在)还没有到。
Has she arrived yet? 她已经到了吗?Hasn't he e yet? 她还没来吗?
I haven't been very suessful so far.我一直都没有成功。
注意: "have been"(去过) 和 "have gone"(去了) 的区别:
He has gone to Beijing . (He is there or is on his way there.)
He has been to Shanghai . (He was there once, but he is not there now.)
5. 当现在完成时句中无时间状语, 它只是指一个简单的已经完成的动作
I've cleaned the sitting-room. 我已把起居室打扫过了。(已完成了工作)
6. 现在完成时可以用来表示一个反复发生的动作.
He has rung me up five times today. (五次分隔的行为)
希望对你有用!加油哦!
现在完成进行时与过去完成时的区别
现在完成时态有两种用法,一种是过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,另一种是过去发生的动作发生到现在,并有可能持续下去。现在完成时态表示过去的过去,即在过去的时间点之前发生的动作。例如:Before I came home,he had finished his work. 在我到家之前,他已经做完了工作。这句就必须用过去完成时态,因为I came home是过去发生的动作,过去的动作之前,就是他完成工作,所以是过去的过去,过去完成时态,而现在完成时态中是绝对不允许出现过去的时间状语的。
现在完成进行时的被动语态,例句。
现在完成进行时为:have/has +been +doing指过去发生的事,到现在这个点还在做。
例:She has been skating for three hours. 她已经滑了三个小时。(现在还在滑。)
现在完成进行时是没有被动语态的,如果有现在完成进行时的主动结构的句子变为被动结构,可以用现在完成时。
例:We have been discussing the problem for 2 days.
变为:The problem has been discussed for 2 days.
另外,将来进行时也没用被动语态。
例:We shall be discussing it tomorrow.
变为:It will be discussed tomorrow.
希望对你有帮助!