y1和y2都是y'+P(x)y=Q(x)的解
即y'1+P(x)y1=Q(x)和y'2+P(x)y2=Q(x)都成立
两者相减得到
(y'1-y'2)+P(x)(y1-y2)=0
即(y1-y2)'+P(x)(y1-y2)=0成立
所以y1-y2是y'+P(x)y=0的解
至于你说的,例如y1+y2
将y'1+P(x)y1=Q(x)和y'2+P(x)y2=Q(x)相加,得到
(y'1+y'2)+P(x)(y1+y2)=2Q(x)
即(y1+y2)'+P(x)(y1+y2)=2Q(x)
所以y1+y2/2
是y'+P(x)y=Q(x)的解