新概念英语第二册:第54课课文详解及语法解析
课文详注 Further notes on the text
1.The children were at school, my husband was at work…孩子们在上学,我丈夫在上班……
school和work前都没加冠词,因为不是指具体那个学校或具体干什么工作,只是泛指他们在干什么。
2.at exactly that moment, 恰恰在此时。
exactly用于加强语气,表示“正”、“恰恰”:
That's exactly what I wanted to tell you.
那正是我想要告诉你的。
3.Nothing could have been more annoying.没有什么能比这更烦人了。
用这个句型可以表达许多感情,换一下最后的形容词即可:
Nothing could have been more exciting/ interesting/ embarrassing.
没有什么能比这更激动人心/有趣/令人尴尬的了。
4.It took me ten minutes to persuade her to ring back later. 我用了10分钟的时间才说服她过会儿再来电话。
(1)it为先行主语,代指to persuade引导的不定式短语。
(2)表示说服某人做某事时,可以用persuade+sb.+to do sth.这个结构:
I persuaded him to give up that plan.
我劝他放弃那项计划。也可以用persuade+sb. +into doing sth. 这个结构:
I persuaded him into giving up that plan.
(译文同上)
(3)later可以表示“过后”、“以后”:
Ten minutes later, the bus arrived.
10分钟以后,公共汽车来了。
Please come back later(on).
请过会儿再来。
5.What a mess! 真是糟糕透了!
在口语中,a mess可以用来指“困境”、“窘境”、“一团糟”等含义:
I made a mess of my exam.
我考试考得一团糟。
Make some jam if you want to, but don't make a mess in the kitchen.
你如果愿意就做些果酱,不过别把厨房弄得一团糟。
6.I had no sooner got back to the kitchen than the doorbell rang loud enough to wake the dead.我刚回到厨房,门铃又响了起来,响声足以把死人唤醒。
(1)连词no sooner…than…(刚……就……)用于过去完成时。(cf.第38课语法)
(2)enough作副词用在形容词或副词之后,有“足以……”的含义:
The water in the pool is warm enough (to swim in).
池里的水够暖和的(,可以游泳)。
语法 Grammar in use
a,the, some与any(cf.第6课与第30课语法)
(1)在第6课与第30课的语法中,我们学习了冠词a, the以及some和any的一些基本用法。some和any可用于不可数名词及复数可数名词之前。some通常用于肯定句,any通常用于否定句和疑问句中:
We still have some sugar. We don't need any sugar now.
我们还有一些糖。目前我们不需要糖。
但在期待得到肯定答复的疑问句中也可以用some,而在肯定句中表示“随便哪个”、“任何一个”的含义时也可以用any:
These are the only meat pies I have .Do you want some of them?
我只有这些肉馅饼了。你想要一些吗?
Yes,please.Any meat pies will do.
请给我来一些,任何肉馅饼都行。
(2)有些形容词可以用于the之后(决不能用于 a/an之后),表示作为整体的群体,如the blind(盲人),the deaf(聋子),the
living(生者),the dead(死者),the rich(富人),the poor(穷人),the young(年轻人),the old(老人)。这些形容词后要跟复数动词,不可用这些形容词本身来指个体:
The Government always makes sure that the old are cared for.
政府总是确保老人能得到照顾。
This is a special school for the deaf.
这是一所特为聋人办的学校。
如果想指单数个体,则可以说:
Sam is a young man with a lot of money.
萨姆是一个非常有钱的年轻人。
Sam is old now.
萨姆现在老了。
(3)当下列名词指其“主要目的”,即与其相关的动作时,要用零冠词(即名词前没有冠词),如He's in bed(他睡了)中bed是为了睡觉用的)。这类名词有bed, church, class, college(学院),hospital, market, prison(监狱),school, sea, university(大学),work(工作地点)。
I sent the children to school.
我送孩子们上学。
The children were at school and my husband was at work.
孩子们在上学,我丈夫在上班。
但在特指的东西面前要用the:
Your bag is under the bed.
你的提包在床底下。
There's a meeting at the school at 8 o'clock.
8点钟学校有一个会。
泛指同类事物中的任何一个时则用a:
I'm going to the airport.
我要去机场。〔周围可能就这一个机场)
Oh,can I come with you?I've never been to an airport before.
噢,我能与你一起去吗?我以前从来没有去过任何机场。
cinema与theatre的用法与上面提到的名词的用法有区别。
在表示去看电影/戏时要用go to the cinema/theatre:
I went to the theatre last night.
我昨晚看戏去了。
(4)在形容词/副词的级前面要用the,但当most表示“大多数”时它前面则不加the:
Joe Sanders has the most beautiful garden in our town.
乔·桑德斯拥有我们镇上最漂亮的花园。
Most young men have to work hard.
大多数年轻人得努力工作。
Most buildings in this district belong to the government.
这个地区的大部分建筑属于政府所有。