Question

帮忙理一下语法关系（特别是答案时态语问题），并请翻译一下5个句子

1、She answered the door ____a magazine she _____.
答案是：carrying/had been reading. 为什么？
2、The sale usually takes place outside the house,with the audience _____on benches,chairs or boxes.
答案是：seated.为什么？
3、There was a very interesting remark in a book by an Englishman that I read recently _____what he thought was a reason for this American characteristic.
答案是：giving.为什么？
4、How many of us _____say,a meeting that is irrelevant to us would be interested in the discussion?
答案是：attending.为什么？
5、Relative humidity is the amount of warter vapor the air contains at a certain temperature ______with the amount it could hold at ghat temperature.
答案是：compared.为什么？
以上各句说明语法关系后，请逐句翻译一下

Answer 1

1、She answered the door ____a magazine she _____.
答案是：carrying/had been reading.
这里动词ing形式表示状态，就是她去开门的时候正处于这样一个状态，夹着一份杂志。因为主句用过去时，看杂志这个动作发生在应门这个动作之前且一直持续到她去应门，用过去完成进行时，had been reading。

她去应门的时候，夹着一本她一直在看的杂志。
2、The sale usually takes place outside the house,with the audience _____on benches,chairs or boxes.
答案是：seated.这里是seated过去分词作后置定语。
热卖通常在户外举行，观众们坐在长凳、椅子或者箱子上。
3、There was a very interesting remark in a book by an Englishman that I read recently _____what he thought was a reason for this American characteristic.
答案是：giving.去除句子枝干，there was a remak giving/saying/telling……，同样是后置定语，不过换成了动词ing形式。这里不仅可以用giving还可以用saying，telling 等。

在我最近看的一本书里面，有一张一个英国人写的非常有趣的书签，里头写的是他认为的这种美国特征产生的一个原因。
4、How many of us _____say,a meeting that is irrelevant to us would be interested in the discussion?
答案是：attending.后置定语，在场的。如果用attend，就要说how many of us that attend say……

我们当中会有多少人在参与和自己无关的会议时会对会议的讨论感兴趣？
5、Relative humidity is the amount of warter vapor the air contains at a certain temperature ______with the amount it could hold at ghat temperature.
答案是：compared.与……相比，A compare with B，这里是B compared with A。相当于过去分词作状语，完整句子应该是这样——when it is compared with the amount it would hold at that tempearature。
相对湿度指的是在一定温度下空气中的水蒸气含量与该温度下空气所能包含的水蒸气含量的比值。

建议看看语法书上面后置定语的部分，你会有收获的。
其次是各种分词。

Answer 2

1 carrying 现在分词作伴随状语, she had been reading是省略that/which的定语从句修饰magazine，因表示她去开门之前一直在读的,故用过去完成进行时。2 with +宾语+宾补结构，seat 的用法是 seat sb，即作宾补动词seat和宾语sb为动宾关系，故用过去分词形式seated来作宾补。
3 giving为现在分词作定语修饰remark。
4 attending为现在分词作定语修饰us。
5 compared with “和...相比”在句中作状语