Question

再次帮忙理一下语法关系（特别是答案时态语态问题），并请翻译一下

1、Government money appropriated for art in the 1930's made possible hundreds of murals and statues still admired in small towns all over the United States.
答案是：admired 为什么？
2、Won its war for independence in 1783,the United States then struggled to establish is own economic and financial system.
答案是：having won 为什么？
3、Bacteria lived in the soil play a vital role in recycling the carbon and nitrogen needed by plants.
答案是：living 为什么？
第3题修改一下，lived改成living

Answer 1

1。Government money appropriated for art in the 1930's made possible hundreds of murals and statues still admired in small towns all over the United States.
译文：20世纪30年代美国政府为保护艺术建筑专程拨款，使全国各处的小镇的壁画和雕像仍然保持较好，仍为世人所赞美不止。
admired 被。。。为做宾补
2 having won its war for independence in 1783,the United States then struggled to establish is own economic and financial system
2 译文：1783年取得土里战争的胜利后，美国开始努力建立其经济和财政体系。
having won 在此为分词作状语，由于分词的逻辑主语为句子主语the United States ，也就是说其是分词动作的发出者，因此应是主动形式，再者由于分词动作是在主句动作struggled之前，因此应用完成时表示。

3 Bacteria lived in the soil play a vital role in recycling the carbon and nitrogen needed by plants.
3 译文：寄生在土壤中的细菌对于植物所需的碳氮的循环起着很重要的作用。
因为是分词作后置定语修饰Bacteria ，由于live的动作时细菌自己发出的，为主动形式故用主动形式，所以为living.

Answer 2

1.hundreds of murals and statues和small towns all over the United States是被动的关系
2.动名词作主语，用完成时是因为won在struggle to establish之前发生，且 struggle 用的过去式
3.因为是主动关系，细菌生活在土壤里，play是谓语