Question

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1.社会发展所处阶段。教育总是在特定环境下进行的。环境中的某些因素会在极大程度上影响教学方法及教学效果。例如，大部分课程都是以讲授法为主，可能会辅以其他的一些方法。利用多媒体教学、网络化教学及白板教学、建立虚拟课堂、模拟真实的职业环境。而且随着我国政府对教育的重视，对教育的投入也在逐渐增多。科技进步及经济发展给教学方法带来的巨大变革，也是创新式教
学方法研究的基础。
2.教师的素质与主观倾向性。从事高等教育的教师都参加过相应的培训并取得教师资格认证，但这只是对教师素质的最低要求。教师的素质不高，教育就失去了意义。非师范类毕业的高校教师缺乏相应的从业实践与经验，对课堂的掌控及对学生的群体心理分析缺乏有效的手段。而且同样的教学内容，不同的教师倾向采取不同的教学方法。有的教师倾向以自身的讲授为主，有的教师倾向更多的师生互动。这种主观倾向性完全是一种个体行为，具有较大的差异性，对教学方法的选择起到主要的影响作用，直接导致教学的效果有很大的不同。
3.学生的素质与主观倾向性。随着1999年高校扩招后，高等教育从“精英式教育”向“大众式教育”转变。在这种大背景下，教师必须对学生进行分层次教学，使因材施教不再成为一种口号，切实转换教学思想。不同地区、专业、年级乃至性别的学生的综合素质都不尽相同，教师必须有效的识别这些区别，针对学生的偏好选择适当的教学方法，提高教学质量，达到教学目的。

Answer 1

1.stage of social development
Education is under certain social environment. Some factors within the
environment could influence the teaching method and effect.For example,lecture with some ancillary methods is still the most popular way.Multimedia,network,white board,visual classroom and visual occupational environment are new trends.With the increase of education investment, as a result of government pays more
attention to the education, great changes have been occurred in teaching method thanks to the advance of science and technology and economic growth. It laid foundation of teaching method innovation.
2.quality and subjective tendency of teacher
Teachers in higher education obtained teacher qualification through related training. It is the basic requirement of a teacher. The education standard could be jeopardized by the absence of high-quality teachers.Non-normal college graduates lack of related practice and experience in classroom control and group psychoanalysis.In teaching, some teachers are inclined to lecture,
others adopt interaction between students and teachers.Subjective tendency is an individual action with great differentiation. It plays a big role in the teaching method selection and teaching effect.
3.quality and subjective tendency of student
After the college expansion plan in 1999, elite education turns to mass education.Under this backgrounds, it is necessary to classify the students.Teaching students in accordance of their aptitude is no longer a slogan. It has been involved in pratical teaching. Teachers should have the ability to distinguish the differences of students coming from different area with different major, grade and gender.
Different teaching method should be applied to different group for the sake of improving teaching effect and reaching teaching goal.

Answer 2

社会发展所处阶段Stage of Social Development