定语从句中关系词用法
1、感觉是不是that什么时候都能用,
2、关于that 与which 的辨析
例句: who can think of a situation _______this idiom can be used?
A which B that C where D in that
3、that 与what 辨析
急等 展开
关系词的用法:
关系词既连接、标志定语从句,又等同于先行词的内容,还在定语从句中作一个成分。
关系词在从句中的用法与差别
1、who 只指“人”(不能指事物),可作主语、表语、宾语等
2、whom 只指“人”(宾格),作动词或者介词的宾语
3、whose 指“人的、物的”,作定语
4、which只指“事物”,作主语、定语、宾语
5、that指“人、事物”,作主语、宾语
6、when指“时间”,作状语
7、where指“地点”,作状语、表语
8、how指“方式”,作状语
9、why指“原因”,作状语
She is the women who give me a red packet.
她就是帮我红包的人。
The boy (whom) you look after is very intelligent.
你照顾的孩子非常聪明。
You may ride the bike (which) I brought here yesterday.
你可以骑我昨天带来的自行车。
说明:当关系代词whom,which, that, who在定语从句中作宾语时可以省去,所以上面几个词用括号括起来了。
I love the dog whose hair is very yellow.
我喜欢毛很黄的那条狗。
关系代词where能修饰的先行词不只有place,其他表示“地点”的名词都可以,例如:
river, house,park, shop, room, classroom, hall, school, college等等。
扩展资料
用法辨析
1、只用that不用which的情况
先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none等不定代词时。
先行词被the only,any,few,no,very等修饰时。
先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词,或被形容词的最高级、序数词修饰时。
先行词人、物并用时。
句的主语是疑问词who或which时。
先行词在主句中作表语, 而关系代词也在从句中作表语时。
2、as与which
as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句前, 也可以放在主句后, 有时还可插入主句中。which引导的非限制性定语从句通常放在主句之后。
as意为“正如……”,后面的谓语动词多用see,know,expect,say,mention,report等; which意为“这一点”或“这件事”等。
关系词既连接、标志定语从句,又等同于先行词的内容,还在定语从句中作一个成分。
1、who 只指“人”(不能指事物),可作主语、表语、宾语等
2、whom 只指“人”(宾格),作动词或者介词的宾语
3、whose 指“人的、物的”,作定语
4、which只指“事物”,作主语、定语、宾语
5、that指“人、事物”,作主语、宾语
6、when指“时间”,作状语
7、where指“地点”,作状语、表语
8、how指“方式”,作状语
9、why指“原因”,作状语
She is the women who give me a red packet.
她就是帮我红包的人。
The boy (whom) you look after is very intelligent.
你照顾的孩子非常聪明。
You may ride the bike (which) I brought here yesterday.
你可以骑我昨天带来的自行车。
说明:
1、当关系代词whom,which, that, who在定语从句中作宾语时可以省去,所以上面几个词用括号括起来了。
I love the dog whose hair is very yellow.
我喜欢毛很黄的那条狗。
2、关系代词where能修饰的先行词不只有place,其他表示“地点”的名词都可以,例如:river, house,park, shop, room, classroom, hall, school, college等等。
That is the way how the girl usually speaks.
那就是这个女孩平时的说话方式。
扩展资料
英语定语从句中的关系词选择,应该可考虑以下几点:
1、看清楚先行词的意义,就是理清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点、原因。指物时不能用who或whom,指人时通常不用which等等。
2、看清楚关系词的句法功能,就是理清关系词是担任什么句子成分,是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等等。作定语通常用whose,有时也用which。作状语要用when, where, why。
3、看清楚定语从句的种类,就是理清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句。that、why通常不引导非限制性定语从句。
4、看清楚文体,就是理清是正式文体,还是非正式文体。是书面语体还是口语体。
1、who, whom, that
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
2、Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换), 例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.
那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.
请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3、which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
农村出现了前所未 有的繁荣。(which / that在从句中作主语)
The package which / that you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.
你拿的包快散了。(which / that 在从句中作宾语)
扩展资料:
有六种情况只可用that
1、不定代词 anything, nothing, everything,all,much,few,any,little为先行词时;
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
最终,小偷偷的所有东西全部交给了警察。
2、先行词为 the only, the very, the just时;
He is the very man that helped the girl out of the water.
他从水中救起了那个女孩。
3、先行词为序数词、数词、形容词或最高级时;
The first English book that I read was "The Prince and the Pauper" by Mark Twain.
我读的第一本书是马克·吐温写的《王子与贫儿》。
4、先行词既有人又有物时;
He talked about the teachers and school that he visited.
他在讲他以前访问过的学校和老师。
5、当主句是以who或which开始的特殊疑问句时,为避免重复用that;
Who is the person that is standing at the gate?
那个站在门口的人是谁?
6、关系代词作表语时;
He is not the man that he used to be. 他以前不是这样的人。
不能用that的情况
1、介词前置时;
2、非限定性定语从句中
3、先行词本身是that
多用who,不用that的情况
1、先行词为anyone,one,ones时;
2、先行词为those,he和people时。
一.在定语从句中关系词用法的差异
1.关系代词“that” 与 “which” 的区别
在限定性定语从句中,我们知道关系词指代人时,常用who、whom 、whose (或that),指代物时常用which 或that 。例如:
例1.Where is the girl who / that sells the tickets? (卖票的女孩子在哪?)
例2.I’ve lost bananas which / that I bought this morning. (我把今天早上买的香蕉丢了。)
在上述两个例子中 who 和 which都可以由 that 替代。但是当先行词是 all、little、few 或是由every(thing)、any(thing)、no(thing)、none、much、only 修饰时,关系词要用 that不能用 which 。例如:
例3.Is this all that is left? (是不是就剩下这一个了?)
例4.Have you got anything that belongs to me? (你那有我什么东西吗?)
例5.The only thing that matters is to find our way home .(只有一件事最重要,那就是找到回家的路。)
除上述情况外,当先行词由序数词或最高级修饰时,关系词必须用 that(见例6和例7)。
例6.The first thing that we should do is to work out a plan . (我们应该做的第一件事是定个计划 / 我们应该首先定个计划。)
例7.This is the best film (that) I’ve ever seen . (这是我看过的最好的影片。)此句中的that 在从句中做宾语,可以省略。
2.关系副词与关系代词的区别
在定语从句中,当先行词是人或物时,从句的引导词用关系代词;而当先行词是表示时间和地点时,常用关系副词引导。但有时常遇到先行词是表示时间或地点的名词,关系词却要用关系代词。请看例句:
例1. This is the place where we worked last year.(这是我去年工作过的地方。)
例2. This is the place which / that we visited last year.(这是我去年参观过的地方。)
上述两个句子的主句相同,先行词都是place ,但是它在两个从句中的功用不同。例1中的place 指的是从句中谓语动词发生动作的地点(… worked in the place),因此,关系词要用关系副词where (= in which)。而例2中的place是从句谓语动词的宾语(…visited the place),关系词指代的是动作的承受对象,所以要用关系代词which或that ,不能用关系副词where 。
例3.I still remember the day when Nanjing was liberated.(我一直记着南京解放的那一天。)
例4.I still remember the day which / that we spend together.(我一直记着我们共同度过的时光。)
例3中 的 day 在从句中做状语 (表示 …on the day) ,所以用 when 。 例4 中的day 是从句中spend 的宾语 (…spend the day) ,所以要用which 或that 。
由此,我们可以看出:当先行词是表示时间或地点的名词时,用关系代词还是用关系副词引导定语从句,要根据先行词在句子中的功用。当先行词在从句中表示的是时间或地点(在从句中做状语)时,要用关系副词;当先行词在从句中做宾语(表示动作的承受者,有时先行词在从句中做主语)时,就要用关系代词。
3.在非限定性定语从句中指物时只能用which
that 只能在限定性定语从句中指代人或物,而在非限定性定语从句中指代物时不能用 that ,只能用 which 。
例1.He showed me a photo that / which upset me . (他给我看了一张令我心烦意乱的照片)
例2.He tore up my photo, which upset me . (他撕了我的照片,这件事令我很不高兴。)
例1中的关系词指的是photo ,从句所修饰的是一个名词,是限定性定语从句,关系词可以用that ,也可以用which 。例2中的从句与主句之间有“,”隔开,从句去掉后意思表达清楚,从句只起补充说明的作用,是一个非限定性定语从句。在这种情况下只能用which ,不能用that 。试比较:
例3.Where is the money that / which I lent you? (我借给你的钱哪儿去了?)
例4.He lent me the money, which was exactly the amount I needed to solve my problem.(他
借给了我一笔钱,这笔钱正好解决了我的问题。)
例3 是限定性定语从句,关系词用that 和which 都可以。例4 是非限定性定语从句,从句只起补充说明的作用,关系代词只能用which 。
二.表示物的所属关系时关系词用whose
我们知道,whose 是表示所属关系的词。在表示人的所属关系时,常用whose 。在定语从句中,不论是表示人的还是表示物的所属关系时,关系代词都要用whose 。例如:
例1.What is the name of the boy whose father is a doctor?(他父亲是医生的那个男孩儿叫什么名字?)
例2.Tom lives in the room whose window opens to the south..(汤姆住在窗朝南开的房间里。)
显然,例1中whose 是指代人 (the boy’s father) ;例2中whose 所指代的是物 (the room’s window )。例2是“黑龙江省中等专业学校外语学业等级考试样题”中的一道题。原题是:
“Tom lives in the room ________ window opens to the south.. ”
供选择的答案有:a. what b. it’s c. whose d. which
正确答案应该是c 。但是,在做这道题时,多数学生都选错了答案,原因之一是只考虑到room 是物,忽略了从句中表示所属关系时要用“whose”,而且“it’s” 不能做引导词。因此,必须注意:在定语从句中,当关系词在从句中表示所属关系时,其先行词不论是人还是物,关系词都要“whose”,“it’s”不能做定语从句中的引导词。
三.“that” 与 “what” 的区别
“that” 可以做定语从句中的关系代词,“what” 也常做名词性从句中的引导词,学生在使用它们时常分辨不清。因此,在教学中应注意区别它们的用法。
我们知道,关系代词 that 指代的是它前面的先行词,而 what = the things that 。 所以,what 与that 不同,what 有两层含义:其一作为关联词引出从句,其二为先行词本身的含义。如果主句中已经出现了先行词,关系/关联词就要用that ;如果主句中没有先行词出现,关系/关联词就要用what 。例如:
例1.I give her just the money that she need.(她需要多少钱,我就给她多少钱。)
例2.I give her just what he need. (她需要多少钱,我就给她多少钱。)
例1中的that 引出的是定语从句,先行词是money , that 为关系代词,主句中出现了先行词,所以用that 。例2 中的what 引出的从句是give 的宾语,主句中没有出现先行词,what 既引导了从句,又含有先行词的含义。
例3.I will tell you all that I know.
例4.I will tell you what I know.
例3中出现了先行词all ,所以从句中的引导词用that ;例4中没有先行词,从句中的引导词用what 。两个句子意思相同:“我会告诉你我所知道的一切。”
例3. The thing that I’d like is a digital watch .
例4. What I’d like is a digital watch.
例5中有先行词the thing ,所以关联词用连词that 。而例6中没有出现先行词,所以关联词用疑问代词what 。两个句子意思相同:“我想要的东西是一块数字表。”
The animal that \which is lost is a panda.
先行词 指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语
She is the person that \who we are worried about.
先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语
注意1 that \which在代物时常常可以通用,但有时只宜于用which ,不用that
(1) 关系代词前有介词时.
This is the hotel in which you will stay.
(2) 如有两个定语从句,其中一句的关系代词是that,另一句宜于用which.
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the liberary which was newly open (新开放) to us.
注意2that \which在代物时常常可以通用,但有时只宜于用that ,不用which.
(1) 先行词是形容词最高级或者它的前面有形容词最高级时
This is the best that has been used against air pollution(反对空气污染) in cities.
English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years.
(2) 先行词是序数词,或它的前面有一个序数词时
He is the last person that I want to see.
(3) 主句中已有疑问词时
Which is the bike that you lost?
(4) 先行词既有人又有物时
The bike and its rider that had run over (撞倒了)an old man were taken to the police station.
(5) 先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one等代词时
You should hand in all that you have.
We haven’t got much that we can offer you.
I mean the one that you talked about just now.
(6) 先行词前面有only,any,few,little,no,all,one of,the same,the very等词修饰时
The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.
Li Ming is the only one that got full marks (满分)in our class.
Li Ming is one of the students that want to be teachers in our class.
(7) 有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词已用which,另外一个宜用that
Edison built up a factory(办了一个工厂) which produced things that had never been seen before.
定语从句的关系副词 Where的用法:若先行词指地点且其在定语从句中充当地点状语.
This is the house+I was born in the house. (=I was born there)
介词短语 副词
=This is the house where I was born.这就是我在那儿出生的房子.
先行词 关系副词
in which I was born.
介词+关系代词
which I was born in.
关系代词
这里作介宾的which和that可以省略
that I was born in
关系代词.
3
引导名词性从句时,that 只起引导作用,不做从句中的句子成分。
what 在引导名词性从句时,必须同时起到两个作用:引导从句和作从句中的一个句子成分。
引导定语从句时,that 要在从句中作主语或宾语,指人或物都可以;同时指人和物也可以。
They sre talking about the things and persons that they remembered.
有语法学家说,what 也可以引导定语从句,但此时没有先行词。
(本人认为,此时what引导的是名词性从句)