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动词不定式
不定式可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语，但不能作谓语，可有自己的逻辑主语，即for/of sb to do。
1.不定式作主语
To do that sort of thing is foolish.
It would be better fou you to go there.
（it作形式主语代替后面的不定式)it be adj/n for sb to do sth
注意：不定式作主语表示某次特定的行动；动名词作主语表示经常性、习惯性的动作。
Walking after supper is helpful.
To walk in the street this evening will be nice.
2.不定式作表语
To see is to believe.
All you have to do is (to)finish the job quickly.
(当表语用来解释主语中do的具体内容时，表语中的不定式常常省略to)
3.不定式作宾语
He promosed not to tell anybody about it.
(不定式的否定形式为not to do)
He didn’t go to the party last night,but he intended to.
(不定式后的动词可承前省略，但to不省略)
I think it important for you to recite some English articles.
（如果不定式较长，可用it作形式宾语）
提示：以下动词只能跟不定式作宾语：afford agree ask attempt decide demand expect fail help hope manage offer plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem wish.
4.不定式作定语
There are many TV sets to choose from.
(1)当不定式之后有介词与其修饰的名词有介宾盥洗室，介词不能省略。
The room is large to live in.
The river is large to swim in.
(2)当名词前有序数词、最高级或next，only等修饰时，其后用不定式修饰。
Betty was the first(girl)to come.
He’s the only person to know the truth.
The easisest way to learn English is staying at an English family.
She has a wish to travel around the world.
5.不定式作状语
He spoke loudly(so as/in order)to be heard.（目的状语）
I’m to tired to walk any further this afternoon.（结果状语）
提示：不定式作结果状语长用于如下结构
so+adj/adv+as to do如此......以至于
such+adj+n+as to do如此......以至于
adj/adv+enough+to do足够......
too+adv/adj+to do太......以致不能
They jumped with joy to hear the news.(原因状语)
He raised his hand as if to take off his hat.（方式状语）
I’m very glad to see you again.
（不定式作修饰表语形容词的状语）
6.不定式作宾语补足语
（1）动词+宾语+带to的不定式。具有这种用法的动词有：advise allow ask beg cause chellenge drive encourage expect forbid force hire intend invite order permit persuade remind require teach remind tell want warn等。
She asked me to stay here.
（2）表示见解、看法的动词+宾语+带to的不定式（不定式常用to be或to have done形式）。具有这种结构的动词有：believe consider declare discover feel(认为) find imagine judge suppose think understand等。
I consider him to have done wrong.
(3)感官动词+宾语+不带to的不定式（被动式中必须带to，）。具有这种用法的动词有：see notice watch lookat observe hear listento feel等。
I heard the clock tick.The boy was seen to run down the street.
(4)使役动词+宾语+不带to的不定式（被动式中必须带to，但have一般不用于被动式）。具有这种用法的动词有：make have let等。
Shall I have him come here ?
They shouldn’t be made to do such heavy work.
(5)动词短语+宾语+带to的不定式。具有这种用法的词组有：arrange for ask for call on count on long for depend on rely on wait for等。
I’m waiting for you to reply.
高考真题
1.I like getting up very early in summer.The morning air is so good______.
A.to be breathed B.to breathe C.breathing D.being breathed
be+adj+to do不定式用主动形式。The house is comfortable to live in.
2.The director had her assistant______some hot dogs for the meeting.
A.picked up B.picks up C.pick up D.picking up
have sb do sth让某人做某事
3.I feel greatly honoured______into their society.
A.to welcome B.welcoming C.to be welcomed D.welcomed
考察非谓语动词。从句是看，这里用不定式作状语，用主系表+to do sth，这里用不定式的被动语态表示受到欢迎。
4.Due to the heavy rain and flooding,ten million people have been forced______their homes.
A.leaving B.to leave C.to be left D.being left
此处考察be forced to do sth固定结构。在force sb to do sth这一结构中，不定式作动词force的宾语补足语。
课后训练
1.I don’t want______like I’m speaking ill of anybody,but the manager’s plan is unfair.
A.to sound B.to be sounded C.sounding D.to have sounded
2.All these gifts must be mailed immediately______in time for Chrismas.
A.in order to have received B.in order to receive
C.so as to be received D.so as to be receiving
3.He hurried to the station only______that the train had left.
A.to find B.finding C.found D.to have found
4.I meant______abroad with them,but I didn’t have enough money.
A.going B.to go C.to have gone D.having gone
5.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,______it more difficult.
A.not make B.not to make C.not making D.do not make
6.I’ve worked with children before,so I know what______in my new job.
A.expected B.to expect C.to be excepting D.expects
7.She pretended______when I came in.
A.to read B.read C.to be reading D.reading
8.They knew her very well.They had seen her______up from childhood.
A.grow B.grew C.was growing D.grown
9.She is often heard______English aloud in the morning.
A.read B.to read C.having read D.to be reading
10.When I went to the Smiths’,they happened______dinner.
A.to have B.to be having C.to having been having D.having
动名词
V-ing作主语和宾语
1.动名词作主语
（1）谓语动词用单数。
Wishing for things costs nothing.愿望是不花本钱的。
（2）有时用形式主语，多用于一些固定句式中。
It’s no use worrying about it.发愁没有用。
It’s useless arguing(=to argue) with them.跟他们争辩徒劳无益。
Do you think it’s worthwhile quarrelling with me?你认为我们吵值得吗？
It is hopeless arguing about it.为此争论毫无用处。
（3）有时用被动式。
It’s fun being taken to the zoo.被带去逛动物园很有意思。
（4）前面有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格做逻辑主语。
It’s a waste of time you talking to him.你和他谈话时浪费时间。
Jenny’s not going to college is her one regret.杰尼没上过大学是她感到遗憾的事。
2.动名词作宾语
（1）牢记只能接动名词，不接不定式的动词、短语和句型。
动词：allow, permit, consider, suggest, advice, keep(on), finish, imagine, practise, understand, appreciate, enjoy, miss, prevent, forbid, escape, include, deny, forgive, pardon, excuse, dislike, discuss, report, admit, mind, risk, delay, postpone(推迟)等。
（2）短语：put off, can’t stand, burst out(突然开始), feel like, insist on, give up, be busy, be worth, succeed in, look forward to, devote…to/be devoted to(致力于), be/get used to, lead to, get down to(开始认真做),pay attention to, refer to, point to, turn to, object to, equal to, belong to等。
3.句型：spend … in doing在某方面花费
prevent /stop/keep…from doing阻止……做……
How/What about doing sth?做……怎么样？
have sone difficulty/trouble(in) doing sth在做某事方面有困难
have a hard time in doing sth做某事很艰难
there is no sense in doing做……是没有道理的
（2）牢记动名词和接动词不定式意义差别很大的动词或短语。
remember
forget
regret
mean
stop
try
go on
can’t help
sb need/want/require to do（需要、想要、要求做某事）
sth need/want/require doing(=to be done)（某物需要做某事）
同步训练
翻译下列句子
1.我最喜欢的运动是游泳。
_____________________________
2.今天去没有用，他不会在家。
_____________________________
3.你作文写完了吗？
_____________________________
4.请原谅我来晚了。
_____________________________
5．他不声不响地走了进来。
_____________________________
6．他走进来了，没有被看见。
____________________________
参考答案
My favourite sport is swimming.
It’s no use going there today.He won’t be in(can’t be in).
Have you finished writing your composition.
Excuse me for being late.
He entered the room without making any noise.
He entering the room without being seen.
V-ing作定语和表语
1.动词的-ing形式作表语
（1）动名词作表语，说明主语的内容，指一般性、经常性的动作。
His job is teaching English.
=Teaching English is his Job.
（2）现在分词作表语，相当于形容词，说明主语的性质；可有比较形式，也可被very等副词所修饰。
He was very amusing.
Skiing is more exciting than skating.滑雪比溜冰更刺激。
2.动词的-ing形式作定语
（1）动名词作定语表示所修饰名词的功能；被修饰的名词与动词没有逻辑上的主谓关系；可用“名词+for+动名词”来表达；动名词通常只位于所修饰的名词前。
a swimming pool =a pool for swimming
a walking stick=a stick for walking
（2）现在分词作定语表示性质、特征、状态或动作；被修饰的名词与现在分词在逻辑上有主谓关系；可换成定语从句来表达；单个的现在分词作定语，常置于被修饰的名词前面；现在分词短语作定语，须置于被修饰名词的后面。
Nobody can stop the running horse=the horse that is running 没有人能阻止那配奔跑的马。horse与running之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。
I know the man standing there=who is standing there
（3）如何区分作定语的动名词和现在分词
动词的-ing形式可以分成动名词和现在分词。都可以作定语。
动名词与所修饰的名词间的关系，以swimming pool 为例，是说the pool; is for swimming即为游泳而设，同样a walking stick=The stick is for walking.
而现在分词作定语所表示得是名词的性质或名词的特征。
an interesting book=The book is interesting.
exciting news=the news is exciting
用试加法区别作定语的现在分词和动名词：
试加法是用for带入原含有v+ing形式的词组中，意思通顺者，v+ing形式为动名词。a sleeping car=a car for sleeping（car是供睡觉的），a dancing hall=a hall for dancing（hall是供跳舞的）。二句均通顺，合乎逻辑，所以sleeping和dancing均为动名词。又如：a sleeping boy=a boy for sleeping（boy供睡觉），显然意思不通顺，因而sleeping在此处便是现在分词了。
这样定语还可以用试加转换定语从句法加以验证。一般说来能转换成合理的定语从句的v+ing即为现在分词。
A sleeping boy=a boy who is sleeping
Working people=people who are working
3.动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。
（1）动词-ing形式用作宾语补足语，宾语与补足语有主动关系，表示“动作正在发生（即处于发生的过程中）”。
She caught them stealing her apples.（them与stealing有主动关系；在“撞见时”正在偷。）
（2）试比较以下句子
I saw the boy climbed the wall.我看见那小男孩爬墙。（强调爬墙这件事）
I saw the boy climbing the wall.我看见那小男孩正在爬墙。（强调爬墙的情景）
同步训练
1.The next morning she found the man______in bed,dead.
A.lying B.lie C.lay D.laying
2.The squirrel（松鼠）was lucky that it just missed ______.
A.catching B.to be caught C.being caught D.to catch
3.She didn’t remember______him before.
A.having met B.have met C.to meet D.to having met
4.There was a terrible noise______the sudden burst of light.
A.followed B.following C.to be followed D.being followed
5.The secretary worked late into the night,______a long speech for the president.
A.to prepare B.preparing C.prepared D.was preparing
6.I can hardly imagine Peter______across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
A.sail B.to sailed C.sailing D.to have sailed
7.---I usually go there by train.
---Why not______by boat for a chance?
A.to try doing B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going
8.I would appreciate______back this afternoon.
A.you to call B.you call C.you calling D.you are calling
9.______a reply,he decided to write again.
A.Not receiving B.Receiving not C.Not having received D.Having not received
10.The missing boys were last seen______near the river.
A.playing B.to be playing C.play D.to play
参考答案
1-5 A A B A B 6-10 B B A B B
V-ing作状语
1.作时间状语
（While） Working in the factory,he was an advanced worker.
2.作原因状语
Being a League member,he is always helping others.
3.作方式状语，表示伴随。
He stayed at home,cleaning and washing.
4.作条件状语。
（If） Playing all day,you will waste your valuable time.
5.作结果状语。
He dropped the glass,breaking it into pieces.
6.做目的状语。
He went swimming the other day.
7.作让步状语。
Though raining heavily,it cleared up very soon.
8.与逻辑主语构成独立主格。“独立主格结构”是由名词或代词作为逻辑主语，加上分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成。这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系，通常称为“独立主格结构”。
I waiting for the bus,a bird fell on my head.
我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。
All the tickets having been sold out,they went away disappointedly.
所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。
Time permitting,we’ll do another two exercise.
如果时间允许，我们将做另外两个练习。
有时也可用with（without）+名词（代词宾格）+分词形式
With the lights burning,he fell asleep.他点着灯睡着了。
9.作独立成分。
Judging from his appearance,he must be an actor.
从外表看，他一定是个演员。
Generally speaking,girls are more careful.
一般说来，女孩子更加细心。
同步训练
1.More and more people are signing up for Yuga classes nowdays,______advantage of the health and relaxation benefits.
A.taking B.taken C.having taken D.having been taking
2.While watching television,______.
A.the doorbell ran B.the doorbell rings
C.we heard the doorbell ring D.we heard the doorbell rings
3.In April,2009,President Hu inspected the warships in Qindao,______the 60th anniversary founding of the PLA Navy.
A.marking B.marked C.having marked D.being marked
4.At the age of 29,Dave was a worker,______in a small apartment near Boston and______what to do about his future.
A.living;wordering B.lived;wordering
C.lived;wordered D.living;wondered
5.He glanced over at her,______that though she was tiny,she seemed very well put together.
A.noticing B.noticed C.to notice D.having noticed
6.The flowers______sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
A.to smell B.smelling C.smelt D.to be smelt
7.The old man,______abroad for twenty years,is on the way back to his motherland.
A.A.to work B.working C.to have worked D.having worked
8.______,the more expensive the camera,the better its quality.
A.General speaking B.Speaking general
C.Generally speaking D.Speaking generally
9.The storm left,______a lot of damage to this area.
A.caused B.to have caused C.to cause D.having caused
10.Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV;there are pictures______in your mind instead of before your eyes.
A.to form B.form C.forming D.having formed
参考答案
1-5 A C A A A 6-10C D C D C
A B A B 6-10 B B A B B
我的教案
不定式可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语，但不能作谓语，可有自己的逻辑主语，即for/of sb to do。
1.不定式作主语
To do that sort of thing is foolish.
It would be better fou you to go there.
（it作形式主语代替后面的不定式)it be adj/n for sb to do sth
注意：不定式作主语表示某次特定的行动；动名词作主语表示经常性、习惯性的动作。
Walking after supper is helpful.
To walk in the street this evening will be nice.
2.不定式作表语
To see is to believe.
All you have to do is (to)finish the job quickly.
(当表语用来解释主语中do的具体内容时，表语中的不定式常常省略to)
3.不定式作宾语
He promosed not to tell anybody about it.
(不定式的否定形式为not to do)
He didn’t go to the party last night,but he intended to.
(不定式后的动词可承前省略，但to不省略)
I think it important for you to recite some English articles.
（如果不定式较长，可用it作形式宾语）
提示：以下动词只能跟不定式作宾语：afford agree ask attempt decide demand expect fail help hope manage offer plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem wish.
4.不定式作定语
There are many TV sets to choose from.
(1)当不定式之后有介词与其修饰的名词有介宾盥洗室，介词不能省略。
The room is large to live in.
The river is large to swim in.
(2)当名词前有序数词、最高级或next，only等修饰时，其后用不定式修饰。
Betty was the first(girl)to come.
He’s the only person to know the truth.
The easisest way to learn English is staying at an English family.
She has a wish to travel around the world.
5.不定式作状语
He spoke loudly(so as/in order)to be heard.（目的状语）
I’m to tired to walk any further this afternoon.（结果状语）
提示：不定式作结果状语长用于如下结构
so+adj/adv+as to do如此......以至于
such+adj+n+as to do如此......以至于
adj/adv+enough+to do足够......
too+adv/adj+to do太......以致不能
They jumped with joy to hear the news.(原因状语)
He raised his hand as if to take off his hat.（方式状语）
I’m very glad to see you again.
（不定式作修饰表语形容词的状语）
6.不定式作宾语补足语
（1）动词+宾语+带to的不定式。具有这种用法的动词有：advise allow ask beg cause chellenge drive encourage expect forbid force hire intend invite order permit persuade remind require teach remind tell want warn等。
She asked me to stay here.
（2）表示见解、看法的动词+宾语+带to的不定式（不定式常用to be或to have done形式）。具有这种结构的动词有：believe consider declare discover feel(认为) find imagine judge suppose think understand等。
I consider him to have done wrong.
(3)感官动词+宾语+不带to的不定式（被动式中必须带to，）。具有这种用法的动词有：see notice watch lookat observe hear listento feel等。
I heard the clock tick.The boy was seen to run down the street.
(4)使役动词+宾语+不带to的不定式（被动式中必须带to，但have一般不用于被动式）。具有这种用法的动词有：make have let等。
Shall I have him come here ?
They shouldn’t be made to do such heavy work.
(5)动词短语+宾语+带to的不定式。具有这种用法的词组有：arrange for ask for call on count on long for depend on rely on wait for等。
I’m waiting for you to reply.
高考真题
1.I like getting up very early in summer.The morning air is so good______.
A.to be breathed B.to breathe C.breathing D.being breathed
be+adj+to do不定式用主动形式。The house is comfortable to live in.
2.The director had her assistant______some hot dogs for the meeting.
A.picked up B.picks up C.pick up D.picking up
have sb do sth让某人做某事
3.I feel greatly honoured______into their society.
A.to welcome B.welcoming C.to be welcomed D.welcomed
考察非谓语动词。从句是看，这里用不定式作状语，用主系表+to do sth，这里用不定式的被动语态表示受到欢迎。
4.Due to the heavy rain and flooding,ten million people have been forced______their homes.
A.leaving B.to leave C.to be left D.being left
此处考察be forced to do sth固定结构。在force sb to do sth这一结构中，不定式作动词force的宾语补足语。
课后训练
1.I don’t want______like I’m speaking ill of anybody,but the manager’s plan is unfair.
A.to sound B.to be sounded C.sounding D.to have sounded
2.All these gifts must be mailed immediately______in time for Chrismas.
A.in order to have received B.in order to receive
C.so as to be received D.so as to be receiving
3.He hurried to the station only______that the train had left.
A.to find B.finding C.found D.to have found
4.I meant______abroad with them,but I didn’t have enough money.
A.going B.to go C.to have gone D.having gone
5.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,______it more difficult.
A.not make B.not to make C.not making D.do not make
6.I’ve worked with children before,so I know what______in my new job.
A.expected B.to expect C.to be excepting D.expects
7.She pretended______when I came in.
A.to read B.read C.to be reading D.reading
8.They knew her very well.They had seen her______up from childhood.
A.grow B.grew C.was growing D.grown
9.She is often heard______English aloud in the morning.
A.read B.to read C.having read D.to be reading
10.When I went to the Smiths’,they happened______dinner.
A.to have B.to be having C.to having been having D.having
动名词
V-ing作主语和宾语
1.动名词作主语
（1）谓语动词用单数。
Wishing for things costs nothing.愿望是不花本钱的。
（2）有时用形式主语，多用于一些固定句式中。
It’s no use worrying about it.发愁没有用。
It’s useless arguing(=to argue) with them.跟他们争辩徒劳无益。
Do you think it’s worthwhile quarrelling with me?你认为我们吵值得吗？
It is hopeless arguing about it.为此争论毫无用处。
（3）有时用被动式。
It’s fun being taken to the zoo.被带去逛动物园很有意思。
（4）前面有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格做逻辑主语。
It’s a waste of time you talking to him.你和他谈话时浪费时间。
Jenny’s not going to college is her one regret.杰尼没上过大学是她感到遗憾的事。
2.动名词作宾语
（1）牢记只能接动名词，不接不定式的动词、短语和句型。
动词：allow, permit, consider, suggest, advice, keep(on), finish, imagine, practise, understand, appreciate, enjoy, miss, prevent, forbid, escape, include, deny, forgive, pardon, excuse, dislike, discuss, report, admit, mind, risk, delay, postpone(推迟)等。
（2）短语：put off, can’t stand, burst out(突然开始), feel like, insist on, give up, be busy, be worth, succeed in, look forward to, devote…to/be devoted to(致力于), be/get used to, lead to, get down to(开始认真做),pay attention to, refer to, point to, turn to, object to, equal to, belong to等。
3.句型：spend … in doing在某方面花费
prevent /stop/keep…from doing阻止……做……
How/What about doing sth?做……怎么样？
have sone difficulty/trouble(in) doing sth在做某事方面有困难
have a hard time in doing sth做某事很艰难
there is no sense in doing做……是没有道理的
（2）牢记动名词和接动词不定式意义差别很大的动词或短语。
remember
forget
regret
mean
stop
try
go on
can’t help
sb need/want/require to do（需要、想要、要求做某事）
sth need/want/require doing(=to be done)（某物需要做某事）
同步训练
翻译下列句子
1.我最喜欢的运动是游泳。
_____________________________
2.今天去没有用，他不会在家。
_____________________________
3.你作文写完了吗？
_____________________________
4.请原谅我来晚了。
_____________________________
5．他不声不响地走了进来。
_____________________________
6．他走进来了，没有被看见。
____________________________
参考答案
My favourite sport is swimming.
It’s no use going there today.He won’t be in(can’t be in).
Have you finished writing your composition.
Excuse me for being late.
He entered the room without making any noise.
He entering the room without being seen.
V-ing作定语和表语
1.动词的-ing形式作表语
（1）动名词作表语，说明主语的内容，指一般性、经常性的动作。
His job is teaching English.
=Teaching English is his Job.
（2）现在分词作表语，相当于形容词，说明主语的性质；可有比较形式，也可被very等副词所修饰。
He was very amusing.
Skiing is more exciting than skating.滑雪比溜冰更刺激。
2.动词的-ing形式作定语
（1）动名词作定语表示所修饰名词的功能；被修饰的名词与动词没有逻辑上的主谓关系；可用“名词+for+动名词”来表达；动名词通常只位于所修饰的名词前。
a swimming pool =a pool for swimming
a walking stick=a stick for walking
（2）现在分词作定语表示性质、特征、状态或动作；被修饰的名词与现在分词在逻辑上有主谓关系；可换成定语从句来表达；单个的现在分词作定语，常置于被修饰的名词前面；现在分词短语作定语，须置于被修饰名词的后面。
Nobody can stop the running horse=the horse that is running 没有人能阻止那配奔跑的马。horse与running之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。
I know the man standing there=who is standing there
（3）如何区分作定语的动名词和现在分词
动词的-ing形式可以分成动名词和现在分词。都可以作定语。
动名词与所修饰的名词间的关系，以swimming pool 为例，是说the pool; is for swimming即为游泳而设，同样a walking stick=The stick is for walking.
而现在分词作定语所表示得是名词的性质或名词的特征。
an interesting book=The book is interesting.
exciting news=the news is exciting
用试加法区别作定语的现在分词和动名词：
试加法是用for带入原含有v+ing形式的词组中，意思通顺者，v+ing形式为动名词。a sleeping car=a car for sleeping（car是供睡觉的），a dancing hall=a hall for dancing（hall是供跳舞的）。二句均通顺，合乎逻辑，所以sleeping和dancing均为动名词。又如：a sleeping boy=a boy for sleeping（boy供睡觉），显然意思不通顺，因而sleeping在此处便是现在分词了。
这样定语还可以用试加转换定语从句法加以验证。一般说来能转换成合理的定语从句的v+ing即为现在分词。
A sleeping boy=a boy who is sleeping
Working people=people who are working
3.动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。
（1）动词-ing形式用作宾语补足语，宾语与补足语有主动关系，表示“动作正在发生（即处于发生的过程中）”。
She caught them stealing her apples.（them与stealing有主动关系；在“撞见时”正在偷。）
（2）试比较以下句子
I saw the boy climbed the wall.我看见那小男孩爬墙。（强调爬墙这件事）
I saw the boy climbing the wall.我看见那小男孩正在爬墙。（强调爬墙的情景）
同步训练
1.The next morning she found the man______in bed,dead.
A.lying B.lie C.lay D.laying
2.The squirrel（松鼠）was lucky that it just missed ______.
A.catching B.to be caught C.being caught D.to catch
3.She didn’t remember______him before.
A.having met B.have met C.to meet D.to having met
4.There was a terrible noise______the sudden burst of light.
A.followed B.following C.to be followed D.being followed
5.The secretary worked late into the night,______a long speech for the president.
A.to prepare B.preparing C.prepared D.was preparing
6.I can hardly imagine Peter______across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
A.sail B.to sailed C.sailing D.to have sailed
7.---I usually go there by train.
---Why not______by boat for a chance?
A.to try doing B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going
8.I would appreciate______back this afternoon.
A.you to call B.you call C.you calling D.you are calling
9.______a reply,he decided to write again.
A.Not receiving B.Receiving not C.Not having received D.Having not received
10.The missing boys were last seen______near the river.
A.playing B.to be playing C.play D.to play
参考答案
1-5 A A B A B 6-10 B B A B B
V-ing作状语
1.作时间状语
（While） Working in the factory,he was an advanced worker.
2.作原因状语
Being a League member,he is always helping others.
3.作方式状语，表示伴随。
He stayed at home,cleaning and washing.
4.作条件状语。
（If） Playing all day,you will waste your valuable time.
5.作结果状语。
He dropped the glass,breaking it into pieces.
6.做目的状语。
He went swimming the other day.
7.作让步状语。
Though raining heavily,it cleared up very soon.
8.与逻辑主语构成独立主格。“独立主格结构”是由名词或代词作为逻辑主语，加上分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成。这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系，通常称为“独立主格结构”。
I waiting for the bus,a bird fell on my head.
我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。
All the tickets having been sold out,they went away disappointedly.
所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。
Time permitting,we’ll do another two exercise.
如果时间允许，我们将做另外两个练习。
有时也可用with（without）+名词（代词宾格）+分词形式
With the lights burning,he fell asleep.他点着灯睡着了。
9.作独立成分。
Judging from his appearance,he must be an actor.
从外表看，他一定是个演员。
Generally speaking,girls are more careful.
一般说来，女孩子更加细心。
同步训练
1.More and more people are signing up for Yuga classes nowdays,______advantage of the health and relaxation benefits.
A.taking B.taken C.having taken D.having been taking
2.While watching television,______.
A.the doorbell ran B.the doorbell rings
C.we heard the doorbell ring D.we heard the doorbell rings
3.In April,2009,President Hu inspected the warships in Qindao,______the 60th anniversary founding of the PLA Navy.
A.marking B.marked C.having marked D.being marked
4.At the age of 29,Dave was a worker,______in a small apartment near Boston and______what to do about his future.
A.living;wordering B.lived;wordering
C.lived;wordered D.living;wondered
5.He glanced over at her,______that though she was tiny,she seemed very well put together.
A.noticing B.noticed C.to notice D.having noticed
6.The flowers______sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
A.to smell B.smelling C.smelt D.to be smelt
7.The old man,______abroad for twenty years,is on the way back to his motherland.
A.A.to work B.working C.to have worked D.having worked
8.______,the more expensive the camera,the better its quality.
A.General speaking B.Speaking general
C.Generally speaking D.Speaking generally
9.The storm left,______a lot of damage to this area.
A.caused B.to have caused C.to cause D.having caused
10.Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV;there are pictures______in your mind instead of before your eyes.
A.to form B.form C.forming D.having formed
参考答案
1-5 A C A A A 6-10C D C D C
A B A B 6-10 B B A B B
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