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动词不定式在句中起着名词、形容词和副词的作用,可以担任除谓语以外的其它成份。高考侧重考查其作宾语、定语、目的状语、表语的功能以及不带to的用法。
英语中动名词一般为动词后加ing,与正在进行时中的分词相同,主要表描述 ,但用法与现在分词还是有很大不同的,特点一般大概有2个:
1、本身由动词变化而来,因此有与动词的相同的性质:能带自己的宾语、状语等,如果带上宾语、状语等,就为动名词短语
2、另外,动名词相当于一个名词,所以呢,可以在句中作主语、宾语...
所以而然,动名词也就具备了像名词一样的"所有格缺胡睁形式'.
以下列了些作不同成分伏岁时的特性
1、作主语
动名词是由动词变化而来,所以,动名词的意义往往是表示某个动作或某件事情。
2、作定语
动名词作定语的情况并不是很普遍,一般只限于单个的动名词作定语,表示“用于……的”或表示“处于某件事情中的……”含义。
3、 作表语
动名词作表语的时候,特别要注意:不要与正在进行时混淆。动名词作表语,表达的是“某件事”等。例如:
4、作宾语
(1) 动名词跟在及物动词后做宾语。
(2) 在介词后面也要用动名词作宾语。
(3) 介词后面接动名词时,动名词短语也可以用完成时态或被动语态。
(4)一些动词后的动名词虽然是被动意义,但不用被动语态
分词作定语
分词前置
We can see the rising sun. 我们可以看到东升的旭日
He is a retired worker. 他是位退休的工人
分词后置 (i.分词词组;ii. 个别分词如given, left; iii. 修饰不定代词 something等)
There was a girl sitting there. 有个女孩坐在那里
This is the question given. 这是所给的问题
There is nothing interesting. 没有有趣的东西
过去分词作定语
与其修饰的词是被动关系,相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.
Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa.
典型例题
1) The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. have written B. to be written C. being written D. written
答案D. 书与写作是被动关系,应用过去分词做定语表被 动,相当于定语从句 which is written
2)What's the language ____ in Germany?
A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak
答案B. 主语language与谓语动词之间有被动的含义。
spoken是动词speak的过去分词形式,在句中作定语,修饰主语language, spoken 与 language有被动关系。该句可以理解为:
What's the language (which is) spoken in German?
连词+分词(短语)
有时为使分词短语与主句关系更清楚,可在分词前加连词。 连词有: when,while,if though,after, before, as. 但分词的主语和主句的主语必须为同一个,如:
While waiting there, he saw two pretty girls come out of the building.
waiting 和saw 的主语相同。
分词作状语
As I didn't receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.
-> Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.
由于做谨没有收到他的信,我给他打了电话。
If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.
-> Given more attention,the trees could have grown better.
假如多给些照顾,那些树会长得更好。
典型例题
1)_____ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.
A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. Having been followed
答案B. Napoleon 与follow 之间有被动的含义。being followed除表达被动之外,还有动作正在进行之意。 followed by(被…跟随)。本题可改为: With some officials following, Napoleon inspected his army.
2)There was a terrible noise ___ the sudden burst of light.
A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed
答案B. 由于声音在闪电后,因此为声跟随着光,声音为跟随的发出者,为主动。用现在分词。
3)_______, liquids can be changed into gases.
A. Heating B. To be heated C. Heated D. Heat
答案C. 本题要选一分词作为状语。现在分词表主动,正在进行的;过去分词表被动的,已经完成的。对于液体来说是加热的受动者,是被动的,因而选C。它相当于一个状语从句 When it is heated,…
注意: 选择现在分词还是过去分词,关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出,分词就选用现在分词,反之就用过去分词。
(Being ) used for a long time, the book looks old.
由于用了很长时间,这本书看上去很旧。
Using the book, I find it useful.
在使用的过程中, 我发现这本书很有用。
分词作补语
通常在感官动词和使役动词之后,如:
I found my car missing. 我发现我的车不见了。
I'll have my watch repaired. 我想把我的手表修一下。
分词作表语
现在分词: 表示主动,正在进行
过去分词: 表示被动,已经完成
She looked tired with cooking. 她由于忙着做饭,看上去有些疲倦。
He remained standing beside the table. 他依然站在桌旁。
分词作插入语
其结构是固定的,意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。
generally speaking 一般说来
talking of (speaking of) 说道
strictly speaking 严格的说
judging from 从…判断
all things considered 从整体来看
taking all things into consideration 全面看来
Judging from his face, he must be ill. 从他的脸色看,他一定是病了。
Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs. 总的来说,狗比猪跑得快。 (speaking 并不是dogs 的动作)
分词的时态
1)与主语动词同时,
Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 听到这一消息,他高兴得手舞足蹈。
Arriving there, they found the boy dead. 刚一到那儿,他们就发现那男孩死了。
典型例题
The secretary worked late into the night, ___a long speech for the president.
A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing
答案B. 此处没有连词,不能选D,否则出现了两个谓语动词worked和was preparing。 只能在B,C中选一个。又因前后两个动作同时发生,且与主语为主动关系,应用现在分词。
2)先于主动词
While walking in the garden,he hurt his leg. 在花园里散步时他伤了腿。
分词作时间状语,如果先与主动词的动作,且强调先后, 要用having done。
Having finished his homework, he went out.
=As he had finished his homework, he went out.
做完作业后,他出去了。
典型例题
___ a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received
答案C. 本题考查分词的时态与分词的否定式。根据题意判断,分词的动作(接信)发生在谓语动词的动作(决心再写信)之前,因此用分词的完成式。分词的否定式的构成为not +分词,故选C。该句可理解为:Because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again
分词的语态
1)通常,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动,例如:
He is the man giving you the money. (= who gave you…) 他就是给你钱的那个人。
He is the man stopped by the car. ( = who was stopped by…)
他就是那个被车拦住的人。
2)不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生
gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned
例: a well-read person. 一个读过许多书的人
a much-travelled may 一个去过许多地方的人
a burnt-out match 烧完了的火柴
英语中动名词一般为动词后加ing,与正在进行时中的分词相同,主要表描述 ,但用法与现在分词还是有很大不同的,特点一般大概有2个:
1、本身由动词变化而来,因此有与动词的相同的性质:能带自己的宾语、状语等,如果带上宾语、状语等,就为动名词短语
2、另外,动名词相当于一个名词,所以呢,可以在句中作主语、宾语...
所以而然,动名词也就具备了像名词一样的"所有格缺胡睁形式'.
以下列了些作不同成分伏岁时的特性
1、作主语
动名词是由动词变化而来,所以,动名词的意义往往是表示某个动作或某件事情。
2、作定语
动名词作定语的情况并不是很普遍,一般只限于单个的动名词作定语,表示“用于……的”或表示“处于某件事情中的……”含义。
3、 作表语
动名词作表语的时候,特别要注意:不要与正在进行时混淆。动名词作表语,表达的是“某件事”等。例如:
4、作宾语
(1) 动名词跟在及物动词后做宾语。
(2) 在介词后面也要用动名词作宾语。
(3) 介词后面接动名词时,动名词短语也可以用完成时态或被动语态。
(4)一些动词后的动名词虽然是被动意义,但不用被动语态
分词作定语
分词前置
We can see the rising sun. 我们可以看到东升的旭日
He is a retired worker. 他是位退休的工人
分词后置 (i.分词词组;ii. 个别分词如given, left; iii. 修饰不定代词 something等)
There was a girl sitting there. 有个女孩坐在那里
This is the question given. 这是所给的问题
There is nothing interesting. 没有有趣的东西
过去分词作定语
与其修饰的词是被动关系,相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.
Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa.
典型例题
1) The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. have written B. to be written C. being written D. written
答案D. 书与写作是被动关系,应用过去分词做定语表被 动,相当于定语从句 which is written
2)What's the language ____ in Germany?
A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak
答案B. 主语language与谓语动词之间有被动的含义。
spoken是动词speak的过去分词形式,在句中作定语,修饰主语language, spoken 与 language有被动关系。该句可以理解为:
What's the language (which is) spoken in German?
连词+分词(短语)
有时为使分词短语与主句关系更清楚,可在分词前加连词。 连词有: when,while,if though,after, before, as. 但分词的主语和主句的主语必须为同一个,如:
While waiting there, he saw two pretty girls come out of the building.
waiting 和saw 的主语相同。
分词作状语
As I didn't receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.
-> Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.
由于做谨没有收到他的信,我给他打了电话。
If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.
-> Given more attention,the trees could have grown better.
假如多给些照顾,那些树会长得更好。
典型例题
1)_____ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.
A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. Having been followed
答案B. Napoleon 与follow 之间有被动的含义。being followed除表达被动之外,还有动作正在进行之意。 followed by(被…跟随)。本题可改为: With some officials following, Napoleon inspected his army.
2)There was a terrible noise ___ the sudden burst of light.
A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed
答案B. 由于声音在闪电后,因此为声跟随着光,声音为跟随的发出者,为主动。用现在分词。
3)_______, liquids can be changed into gases.
A. Heating B. To be heated C. Heated D. Heat
答案C. 本题要选一分词作为状语。现在分词表主动,正在进行的;过去分词表被动的,已经完成的。对于液体来说是加热的受动者,是被动的,因而选C。它相当于一个状语从句 When it is heated,…
注意: 选择现在分词还是过去分词,关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出,分词就选用现在分词,反之就用过去分词。
(Being ) used for a long time, the book looks old.
由于用了很长时间,这本书看上去很旧。
Using the book, I find it useful.
在使用的过程中, 我发现这本书很有用。
分词作补语
通常在感官动词和使役动词之后,如:
I found my car missing. 我发现我的车不见了。
I'll have my watch repaired. 我想把我的手表修一下。
分词作表语
现在分词: 表示主动,正在进行
过去分词: 表示被动,已经完成
She looked tired with cooking. 她由于忙着做饭,看上去有些疲倦。
He remained standing beside the table. 他依然站在桌旁。
分词作插入语
其结构是固定的,意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。
generally speaking 一般说来
talking of (speaking of) 说道
strictly speaking 严格的说
judging from 从…判断
all things considered 从整体来看
taking all things into consideration 全面看来
Judging from his face, he must be ill. 从他的脸色看,他一定是病了。
Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs. 总的来说,狗比猪跑得快。 (speaking 并不是dogs 的动作)
分词的时态
1)与主语动词同时,
Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 听到这一消息,他高兴得手舞足蹈。
Arriving there, they found the boy dead. 刚一到那儿,他们就发现那男孩死了。
典型例题
The secretary worked late into the night, ___a long speech for the president.
A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing
答案B. 此处没有连词,不能选D,否则出现了两个谓语动词worked和was preparing。 只能在B,C中选一个。又因前后两个动作同时发生,且与主语为主动关系,应用现在分词。
2)先于主动词
While walking in the garden,he hurt his leg. 在花园里散步时他伤了腿。
分词作时间状语,如果先与主动词的动作,且强调先后, 要用having done。
Having finished his homework, he went out.
=As he had finished his homework, he went out.
做完作业后,他出去了。
典型例题
___ a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received
答案C. 本题考查分词的时态与分词的否定式。根据题意判断,分词的动作(接信)发生在谓语动词的动作(决心再写信)之前,因此用分词的完成式。分词的否定式的构成为not +分词,故选C。该句可理解为:Because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again
分词的语态
1)通常,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动,例如:
He is the man giving you the money. (= who gave you…) 他就是给你钱的那个人。
He is the man stopped by the car. ( = who was stopped by…)
他就是那个被车拦住的人。
2)不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生
gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned
例: a well-read person. 一个读过许多书的人
a much-travelled may 一个去过许多地方的人
a burnt-out match 烧完了的火柴
展开全部
不定式在句中可以作主语,表语,宾语,宾语补足语,定语,和状语。
动名词又叫动词的ing形式,可以做主语,昌前薯定语耐者,表语,宾语。
1可以作定语的有:形容词,名词,名词所有格,副词,数词,代词,动词ing形势,过去分词,不定时,介词短语,形容词,从句。
2可悔氏以做状语的有:副词,名词,动词ing形势短语,过去分词,过去分词 不定式。介词短语,状语从句。
3可以做补语的有:名词,形容词,副词,不定式,动词ING形式,过去分词,介词短语。
您的问题就这些了, 有很多的例子 在各种习题之中 由于数量太多了..我就不打了
有针对问题可以再百度HI问我 如果觉得可以就把分给我吧。
动名词又叫动词的ing形式,可以做主语,昌前薯定语耐者,表语,宾语。
1可以作定语的有:形容词,名词,名词所有格,副词,数词,代词,动词ing形势,过去分词,不定时,介词短语,形容词,从句。
2可悔氏以做状语的有:副词,名词,动词ing形势短语,过去分词,过去分词 不定式。介词短语,状语从句。
3可以做补语的有:名词,形容词,副词,不定式,动词ING形式,过去分词,介词短语。
您的问题就这些了, 有很多的例子 在各种习题之中 由于数量太多了..我就不打了
有针对问题可以再百度HI问我 如果觉得可以就把分给我吧。
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