求这个英语句子的语法分析,包括主谓宾之类,感谢!
您好,It is possible to imagine an upcoming society in which the majority of the population will have almost as much leisure time as in earlier times was enjoyed by the medival aristocracy. 这个句子使用了(形式主语)结构,所以主句的主干是(主系表):
1)主语 = to imagine ...... aristorcracy(动词不定式短词作真正的主语)
3)表语 = possible
所以句子可以改写为:
To imagine an upcoming society in which the majority of the population will have almost as much leisure time as in earlier times was enjoyed by the medival aristocrary is possible.
句子可以再次压缩到最基本的(主干:主系表)成分:
To imagine something is possible.
主语 = to imagine something(动词不定式作主语)
谓语 = 系动词 be(一般现在时)
表语 = possible
something 作 imagine 的宾语,
something = an upcoming society in which the majority of the population will have almost as much leisure time as in earlier times was enjoyed by the medival aristocrary
这个(宾语)可以再次压缩到更简单的形式:
an upcoming society was enjoyed by the medival aristocracy
而因为这个宾语有完整的主干结构(主谓宾),所以这个宾语就变成了宾语从句,也就是 imagine 的宾语从句了,其中引导词 that 被省略了。宾语从句结构:
1)主语 = society
2)谓语 = was enjoyed(一般过去时:被动语态)
3)宾语 = aristocracy
但这样的主谓宾语义在汉语翻译会产生问题,因为(社会被贵族享受着)的语义不恰当,而应该是(贵族享受着这社会),所以句子的主语和宾语需要对调:
1)主语 = aristocrary
2)谓语 = enjoyed(一般过去时)
3)宾语 = society
the medival aristocrary enjoyed an upcoming society
in which the majority of the population will have almost as much leisure time as in earlier times 是一个(定语从句)修饰 society,其中夹带了一个由 as 引导的(比较状语),简化方式为:
定语从句 = in which the majority of the population will have much leisure time
从句主语 = majority;of the population(介词短语)作 majority 的后置定语
从句谓语 = will have(一般将来时)
从句宾语 = time;much leisure 修饰 time
比较状语 = as much ... as ...
所以句子的层次为:
第一层次:To imagine a society(主语)is(系动词)possible(表语).
To imagine an upcoming(现在分词作形容词)society is possible.
第二层次:To imagine【宾语从句:(that) an upcoming society(从句主语)was enjoyed by(从句谓语)the medival aristocracy(从句宾语),翻译时需要倒过来,看上面的解释】is possible.
第三层次:To imagine (that) an upcoming society 【定语从句:in which(引导词=介词+关系代词)the majority(从句主语)will have(从句谓语)time(从句宾语)】was enjoyed by the medival aristocracy is possible.
To imagine (that) an upcoming society in which the majority【of the population(介词短语作 majority 的后置定语)】will have time was enjoyed by the medival aristocracy is possible.
第四层次:To imagine (that) an upcoming society in which the majority of the population will have as much leisure time【比较状语:as in earlier times】was enjoyed by the medival aristocracy is possible.
这个句子的主语从 to imagine ..... aristocracy 占据了句子仅8成的长度,产生了(头重脚轻)的问题,所以使用(形式主语)可以解决这个问题:
形式主语:It【形式主语】is possible【真正的主语:to imagine an upcoming society in which the majority of
the population will have almost as much leisure time as in earlier times
was enjoyed by the medival aristocracy】.