英语语态:不能用于被动语态的情况
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1)某些表示“静态”的及物动词(表示状态而不是动作,而且常常是不可用于进行时态的动词)如have,fit,suit,hold(容纳),cost, suffer,last(持续)等不能用于被动语态。 如:,They have a nice car.他们有一辆漂亮的汽车。,My shoes don't fit me.我的鞋不合适。,My brain can't hold so much information at one time.我的脑子一下子记不住这么多资料。,How much /What does it cost?这值多少钱?,Our holiday lasts 10days.我们的假期有十天。,This food will last(them)(for)3days.这食物足够(他们)(吃)三天。, 2)不是所有带介词的动词都能用于被动结构。若是构成成语动词通常有被动态,若不构成成语动词则无被动态。 试比较:,They arrived at a decision.?A decision was arrived at.他们作出了决定。,They arrived at the station.他们到达车站。(不说:The station was arrived at.),He looked into the question.?The question was looked into.他调查了这个问题。, 3)动词leave(离开),enter(进入),join(参加)这一类词不可用于被动语态。 如:,The car left the road and hit a tree.车子离开了道路,撞上了树。, 4)某些及物动词可作不及物动词用,特别是后加副词(如well, easily等)时。主动语态有被动含义,这类动词常见的有sell,write, wear,wash,cook,open,close,lock,read,record等。 如:,His new novel is selling well.他的新小说很畅销。The cloth washes well.这布很耐洗。,This material won't wear.这种材料不耐穿。His play won't act.他的戏剧不会上演。,The window won't shut.这窗关不上。The door won't open.这门打不开。,The door won't lock.这门锁不上。This poem reads well.这首诗读来很好。, 5)feel,look,appear,sound,taste, *** ell等由实意动词演变而来的系动词,后接形容词作表语,不可用于被动语态。 如:,Tell me if you feel cold.你要是感到冷就告诉我。,You're looking very unhappy—what's the matter?你看来很不高兴———怎么回事儿?,The soup tastes wonderful.这汤味道好极了。,Those roses *** ell beautiful.那些玫瑰好闻极了。,She appears to be friendly.她看上去很友好。, 6)宾语是不定式或动词的-ing形式时,不可用于被动语态。 如:,Peter hoped to meet her.彼得希望遇见她。,Mr Smith enjoyed seeing his daughter.史密斯先生喜欢看他的女儿。, 7)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时,不可用于被动语态。 如:,She can dress herself.她可以自己穿衣服。,We could hardly see each other in the fog.在雾中我们彼此几乎看不见。, 8)宾语是同源宾语时,不可用于被动语态。 如:,They live a happy life.他们过着幸福的生活。,The girl dreamed a sweet dream .那女孩做了个甜美的梦。, 9)宾语带有与主语有照应关系的物主代词时,不可用于被动语态。 如:,The old man broke his(=the old man's)legs.那老人把自己的腿弄断了。,The girl shook her(=the girl's)head.那女孩摇了摇头。
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