反意疑问句的几种特殊形式
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解析:
特殊类型的反意疑问句归类
一般类型的反意疑问句(也有人叫附加疑问句,)是由一个陈述句及一个附加的一般疑问句(简略式)组成。要注意下列两点:
1. 如陈述部分是肯定的,则反问部分用否定形式;如陈述部分是否定的,则反问部分用肯定形式。例如:
It’s very cold today, isn’t it?
Your little brother won’t go to the park this afternoon, will he?
2. 反问部分在时态、人称及其他方面必须和陈述部分保持一致。例如:
Mr Black didn’t know Chinese, did he?
但由于陈述部分有一些特殊情况,某些反意疑问句就必须遵循特殊的规则。这些特殊类型的反意疑问句可以根据陈述部分的不同大致归纳为下列7大类28种:
1. 与祈使句有关的反意疑问句
(1)以表示建议的肯定祈使句开头的反意疑问句,其疑问部分通常为will you,也可以是won’t you,我们可以把该祈使句转换成一个表示委婉建议的疑问句来考虑。例如:
Please turn down the radio, will / won’t you? (思路:Please turn down the radio. Will you please turn down the radio?)
Wait for a moment, will / won’t you?(思路:Wait for a moment. Will you wait for a moment?)
(2) 以否定祈使句开头的反意疑问句,其疑问部分为will you。例如:
Please don’t draw on the wall, will you? (思路同上。)
(3) 以Let’s开头,表示建议的祈使句,由于句中的主语实际上包括听、说双方,所以其疑问部分为shall / shan’t we。例如:
Let’s have a rest, shall / shan’t we?
如果是由Let’s not开头的祈使句,其疑问部分用all right或O. K.。例如:
Let’s not go shopping, all right / OK?
(4) 以Let us / me开头,征询意见的祈使句,由于句中的主语实际上仅指对方,所以其疑问部分为will you。 例如:
Let us go there, will you ?
Let me have another try, will you?
[检测题] 1415. 1416. 1417. 1418. 1419. 1420.
2.与复合句有关的反意疑问句
(1)一般来说,如果陈述部分是主从复合句,其反问部分的主语和助动词应与主句的主语和助动词保持一致。(因为这种复合句的重点在主句。)例如:
If he hasn’t finished his work, he can’t go out to play, can he?
(2)但是,以第一人称 (I / We)+ think / believe / know / imagine / suppose / guess / expect / e开头的主从复合句,其疑问部分的主谓语应与从句的主谓语保持一致。(因为这种复合句的重点在从句。)例如:
I think he has arrived at the airport, hasn’t he?
(3)而以第一人称 (I / We)+ don’t + think / believe / know / imagine / suppose / guess / expect / e开头的主从复合句,则应将主句中的“否定”还原到从句中处理,即将该主从复合句转换成一个具有否定含义的单句来考虑。例如:
I don’t believe she knows it, does she? (思路:I don’t believe she knows it. I believe she doesn’t know it. She doesn’t know it.)
(4)不过,以第二、三人称 + think / believe / know / imagine / suppose / guess / expect / e开头的主从复合句,仍视为一般的主从复合句,其反问部分的写法与(1)同。例如:
You believe they will e, don’t you?
He believes they will e, doesn’t he?
[检测题] 1421. 1422. 1423. 1424. 1425. 1426.
3.与感叹句有关的反意疑问句
如果陈述部分是感叹句,其反问部分要用否定式。如果陈述部分有省略,要将省略部分恢复后再考虑。例如:
What a beautiful day (it is ), isn’t it?
How clever the girl is, isn’t she?
[检测题] 1427. 1428.
4.与there be…句型有关的反意疑问句
如果陈述句部分是there be…句型,其反问部分要用…there。例如:
There is a map on the wall, isn’t there?
试比较非there be…句型的用法:There goes the bus, doesn’t it?
[检测题] 1429. 1430. 1431.
5.与含否定意义的词有关的反意疑问句
如果陈述部分含有never, hardly, scarcely, seldom, no, nothing, nobody, few, little等具有否定意义的词,其反问部分要用肯定式。例如:
They have never met each other before, have they?
You have nothing more to say, have you?
Few people know him, do they?
[检测题] 1432. 1433. 1434. 1435. 1436. 1437.
6.与主语有关的反意疑问句
(1)如果陈述部分的主语是指示代词this或that,或是不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything等,(把它们视为第三人称单数,)其反问部分的主语为it。 例如:
This / That is your bike, isn’t it?
Nothing can stop us now, can it?
(2)如果陈述部分的主语是不定代词someone(body), anyone(body), everyone(body), no one, nobody 等,其反问部分的主语可以是they也可以是he。例如:
Everyone passed the exam, didn’t they / he?
Someone is ing, aren’t they / isn’t he ?
Anyone can see it, can’t they / he?
(3)如果陈述部分的主语是指示代词these 或those,(把它们视为第三人称复数,)其反问部分的主语为they。例如:
These / Those aren’t guitars, are they?
(4)如果陈述句部分是以I am开头,由于am not没有缩写形式,所以其反问部分用aren’t 或ain’t或am I not。例如:
I am a worker, aren’t I / ain’t I / am I not?
(5)如果陈述句部分的主语是none of...,其反问部分的主语分别用it、we、you或they代替。例如:
None of the food was wasted, was it?(注:food不可数)
None of us are perfect, are we?
None of you went to the cinema, did you?
None of the students heard the news, did they?
(6)如果陈述句部分的主语是some of...,其反问部分的主语分别用we或they代替。例如:
Some of us wanted to stay longer, didn’t we? (注:some 包括说话人)
On the way back, some of us lost the way, didn’t they? (注:some不包括说话人)
(7)如果陈述句部分的主语是one,其反问部分的主语仍然用one。例如:
One should be strict with oneself, shouldn’t one?
(8) 如果陈述句部分是由并列连词连接的两个或两个以上的名词作主语,其反问部分的主语要用复数。例如:
Neither you nor I am a doctor, are we?
[检测题] 1438. 1439. 1440. 1441. 1442. 1443.
7.与谓语有关的反意疑问句
(1)如果陈述部分含有表推测的情态动词must, can等,其反问部分不能用情态动词,应根据具体情况而定。例如:
He must be a teacher, isn’t he? (思路:He must be a teacher. He is a teacher.)
She must have arrived there yesterday, didn’t she? (思路:She must have arrived there yesterday. She arrived there yesterday.)
You must have made the mistake, haven’t you? (思路:You must have made the mistake. You have made the mistake.)
试比较不表推测的情态动词must的用法:He must find the proof, mustn’t he?
(2)如果陈述句部分的谓语含有带否定前缀dis-, un-, im-或否定后缀-less的词(dislike, discourage, be unfair/ untrue/ unable/useless, e),仍按肯定句处理,其反问部分要用否定式。例如:
You dislike it, don’t you?
The patient is unable to move round, isn’t he?
The news that they failed their driving test discouraged him, didn’t it?
但是如果陈述句中的谓语是disappear, be unnecessary等, 则不属此例,要按否定句处理,其反问部分要用肯定式。例如:
It is unnecessary to buy a bigger puter, is it?
(3)如果陈述句部分的谓语是“有”动词have、has或had,其反问部分既可用have的适当形式,也可用do的适当形式。例如:
Tom has an interesting book, hasn’t / doesn’t he?
(4)如果陈述句部分的谓语是不作“有”讲的行为动词have、has或had,其反问部分只能用do的适当形式。例如:
You have headaches, don’t you?
You had a good time yesterday, didn’t you?
(5)如果陈述句部分的谓语是have to或has to,其反问部分只能用do的适当形式。例如:
Alice has to finish her homework now, doesn’t she?
(6)如果陈述句部分的谓语是had better,其反问部分只能用hadn’t。例如:
You had better stay in bed till tomorrow, hadn’t you?
(7) 如果陈述句部分的谓语含有used to,其反问部分既可用use(d)n’t,也可用didn’t。例如:
There used to be some trees in this field, use(d)n’t / didn’t there?
You used to *** oke a pipe, use(d)n’t / didn’t you?
(8) 如果陈述句部分的谓语含有ought to,其反问部分既可用oughtn’t,也可用shouldn’t。例如:
Zhou Lan ought to pass the National College Entrance Examinations, oughtn’t / shouldn’t she?
(9) 如果陈述句部分的谓语是表示愿望的wish,其反问部分只能用may(的肯定式)。例如:
I wish t go to Beijing for a short visit, may I?
[检测题] 1444. 1445. 1446. 1447. 1448. 1449. 1450. 1451. 1452. 1453. 1454. 1455. 1456.
解析:
特殊类型的反意疑问句归类
一般类型的反意疑问句(也有人叫附加疑问句,)是由一个陈述句及一个附加的一般疑问句(简略式)组成。要注意下列两点:
1. 如陈述部分是肯定的,则反问部分用否定形式;如陈述部分是否定的,则反问部分用肯定形式。例如:
It’s very cold today, isn’t it?
Your little brother won’t go to the park this afternoon, will he?
2. 反问部分在时态、人称及其他方面必须和陈述部分保持一致。例如:
Mr Black didn’t know Chinese, did he?
但由于陈述部分有一些特殊情况,某些反意疑问句就必须遵循特殊的规则。这些特殊类型的反意疑问句可以根据陈述部分的不同大致归纳为下列7大类28种:
1. 与祈使句有关的反意疑问句
(1)以表示建议的肯定祈使句开头的反意疑问句,其疑问部分通常为will you,也可以是won’t you,我们可以把该祈使句转换成一个表示委婉建议的疑问句来考虑。例如:
Please turn down the radio, will / won’t you? (思路:Please turn down the radio. Will you please turn down the radio?)
Wait for a moment, will / won’t you?(思路:Wait for a moment. Will you wait for a moment?)
(2) 以否定祈使句开头的反意疑问句,其疑问部分为will you。例如:
Please don’t draw on the wall, will you? (思路同上。)
(3) 以Let’s开头,表示建议的祈使句,由于句中的主语实际上包括听、说双方,所以其疑问部分为shall / shan’t we。例如:
Let’s have a rest, shall / shan’t we?
如果是由Let’s not开头的祈使句,其疑问部分用all right或O. K.。例如:
Let’s not go shopping, all right / OK?
(4) 以Let us / me开头,征询意见的祈使句,由于句中的主语实际上仅指对方,所以其疑问部分为will you。 例如:
Let us go there, will you ?
Let me have another try, will you?
[检测题] 1415. 1416. 1417. 1418. 1419. 1420.
2.与复合句有关的反意疑问句
(1)一般来说,如果陈述部分是主从复合句,其反问部分的主语和助动词应与主句的主语和助动词保持一致。(因为这种复合句的重点在主句。)例如:
If he hasn’t finished his work, he can’t go out to play, can he?
(2)但是,以第一人称 (I / We)+ think / believe / know / imagine / suppose / guess / expect / e开头的主从复合句,其疑问部分的主谓语应与从句的主谓语保持一致。(因为这种复合句的重点在从句。)例如:
I think he has arrived at the airport, hasn’t he?
(3)而以第一人称 (I / We)+ don’t + think / believe / know / imagine / suppose / guess / expect / e开头的主从复合句,则应将主句中的“否定”还原到从句中处理,即将该主从复合句转换成一个具有否定含义的单句来考虑。例如:
I don’t believe she knows it, does she? (思路:I don’t believe she knows it. I believe she doesn’t know it. She doesn’t know it.)
(4)不过,以第二、三人称 + think / believe / know / imagine / suppose / guess / expect / e开头的主从复合句,仍视为一般的主从复合句,其反问部分的写法与(1)同。例如:
You believe they will e, don’t you?
He believes they will e, doesn’t he?
[检测题] 1421. 1422. 1423. 1424. 1425. 1426.
3.与感叹句有关的反意疑问句
如果陈述部分是感叹句,其反问部分要用否定式。如果陈述部分有省略,要将省略部分恢复后再考虑。例如:
What a beautiful day (it is ), isn’t it?
How clever the girl is, isn’t she?
[检测题] 1427. 1428.
4.与there be…句型有关的反意疑问句
如果陈述句部分是there be…句型,其反问部分要用…there。例如:
There is a map on the wall, isn’t there?
试比较非there be…句型的用法:There goes the bus, doesn’t it?
[检测题] 1429. 1430. 1431.
5.与含否定意义的词有关的反意疑问句
如果陈述部分含有never, hardly, scarcely, seldom, no, nothing, nobody, few, little等具有否定意义的词,其反问部分要用肯定式。例如:
They have never met each other before, have they?
You have nothing more to say, have you?
Few people know him, do they?
[检测题] 1432. 1433. 1434. 1435. 1436. 1437.
6.与主语有关的反意疑问句
(1)如果陈述部分的主语是指示代词this或that,或是不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything等,(把它们视为第三人称单数,)其反问部分的主语为it。 例如:
This / That is your bike, isn’t it?
Nothing can stop us now, can it?
(2)如果陈述部分的主语是不定代词someone(body), anyone(body), everyone(body), no one, nobody 等,其反问部分的主语可以是they也可以是he。例如:
Everyone passed the exam, didn’t they / he?
Someone is ing, aren’t they / isn’t he ?
Anyone can see it, can’t they / he?
(3)如果陈述部分的主语是指示代词these 或those,(把它们视为第三人称复数,)其反问部分的主语为they。例如:
These / Those aren’t guitars, are they?
(4)如果陈述句部分是以I am开头,由于am not没有缩写形式,所以其反问部分用aren’t 或ain’t或am I not。例如:
I am a worker, aren’t I / ain’t I / am I not?
(5)如果陈述句部分的主语是none of...,其反问部分的主语分别用it、we、you或they代替。例如:
None of the food was wasted, was it?(注:food不可数)
None of us are perfect, are we?
None of you went to the cinema, did you?
None of the students heard the news, did they?
(6)如果陈述句部分的主语是some of...,其反问部分的主语分别用we或they代替。例如:
Some of us wanted to stay longer, didn’t we? (注:some 包括说话人)
On the way back, some of us lost the way, didn’t they? (注:some不包括说话人)
(7)如果陈述句部分的主语是one,其反问部分的主语仍然用one。例如:
One should be strict with oneself, shouldn’t one?
(8) 如果陈述句部分是由并列连词连接的两个或两个以上的名词作主语,其反问部分的主语要用复数。例如:
Neither you nor I am a doctor, are we?
[检测题] 1438. 1439. 1440. 1441. 1442. 1443.
7.与谓语有关的反意疑问句
(1)如果陈述部分含有表推测的情态动词must, can等,其反问部分不能用情态动词,应根据具体情况而定。例如:
He must be a teacher, isn’t he? (思路:He must be a teacher. He is a teacher.)
She must have arrived there yesterday, didn’t she? (思路:She must have arrived there yesterday. She arrived there yesterday.)
You must have made the mistake, haven’t you? (思路:You must have made the mistake. You have made the mistake.)
试比较不表推测的情态动词must的用法:He must find the proof, mustn’t he?
(2)如果陈述句部分的谓语含有带否定前缀dis-, un-, im-或否定后缀-less的词(dislike, discourage, be unfair/ untrue/ unable/useless, e),仍按肯定句处理,其反问部分要用否定式。例如:
You dislike it, don’t you?
The patient is unable to move round, isn’t he?
The news that they failed their driving test discouraged him, didn’t it?
但是如果陈述句中的谓语是disappear, be unnecessary等, 则不属此例,要按否定句处理,其反问部分要用肯定式。例如:
It is unnecessary to buy a bigger puter, is it?
(3)如果陈述句部分的谓语是“有”动词have、has或had,其反问部分既可用have的适当形式,也可用do的适当形式。例如:
Tom has an interesting book, hasn’t / doesn’t he?
(4)如果陈述句部分的谓语是不作“有”讲的行为动词have、has或had,其反问部分只能用do的适当形式。例如:
You have headaches, don’t you?
You had a good time yesterday, didn’t you?
(5)如果陈述句部分的谓语是have to或has to,其反问部分只能用do的适当形式。例如:
Alice has to finish her homework now, doesn’t she?
(6)如果陈述句部分的谓语是had better,其反问部分只能用hadn’t。例如:
You had better stay in bed till tomorrow, hadn’t you?
(7) 如果陈述句部分的谓语含有used to,其反问部分既可用use(d)n’t,也可用didn’t。例如:
There used to be some trees in this field, use(d)n’t / didn’t there?
You used to *** oke a pipe, use(d)n’t / didn’t you?
(8) 如果陈述句部分的谓语含有ought to,其反问部分既可用oughtn’t,也可用shouldn’t。例如:
Zhou Lan ought to pass the National College Entrance Examinations, oughtn’t / shouldn’t she?
(9) 如果陈述句部分的谓语是表示愿望的wish,其反问部分只能用may(的肯定式)。例如:
I wish t go to Beijing for a short visit, may I?
[检测题] 1444. 1445. 1446. 1447. 1448. 1449. 1450. 1451. 1452. 1453. 1454. 1455. 1456.
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