直接引语转换为间接引语的技巧
引述某人的话一般采用两种形式：一种是直接引语，即原封不动地引用原话，把它放在引号内；另一种是间接引语，即用自己的话加以转述，被转述的内容不放在引号内。下面我们一起来学习几种直接引语转换为间接引语的技巧。
一、人称的转换
1. 直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三人称
如：He said，“I am very sorry.”→He said that he was very sorry.
2. 直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，应转换为第一人称
如：“You should be more careful next time.”my father told me.→ My father told me that I should be more careful the next time.
3. 直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说的，要转换成第三人称
如：She said to her son， “I’ll check your homework tonight.”→ She said to her son that she would check his homework that night.
4. 人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等
如：He asked me，“Will you go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon？”→He asked me whether I would go to the station with him to meet a friend of his that afternoon.
5. 口诀巧记人称变化
口诀：“一主、二宾、三不变”。
（1）“一主”指当直接引语中的第一人称变为间接引语时，要和主句中的主语在人称上保持一致。
如：He said，“I am forty.”→ He said that he was forty.
（2）“二宾”指当直接引语中的第二人称变为间接引语时，要和主句中的间接宾语保持人称上的一致。
如：He said，“Are you coming tomorrow？”→He asked me if I was coming the next day.
（3）“三不变”指当直接引语中的第三人称变为间接引语时，人称不变。
如：He said，“Is she an English teacher？”→ He asked if she was an English teacher.
另外请同学们注意，直接引语为复数，引述者主语为单数时，间接引语的主语要相应变为复数。
如：He said，“Are you interested in English？”→ He asked us if we were interested in English.
总之，人称的转换不是固定的，具体情况具体对待，要符合逻辑。
二、时态的转换
直接引语转换为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分）中的谓语动词在时态方面要做相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际这也是宾语从句对时态的要求），变化如下：
如：“I am very glad to visit your school”，she said. →She said she was very glad to visit our school.
Tom said，“We are listening to the pop music.”→ Tom said that they were listening to the pop music.
Mother asked，“Have you finished your homework
before you watch TV？” → Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV.
He asked the conductor，“Where shall I get off to change to a No. 3 bus？”→ He asked the conductor where he would get off to change to a No. 3 bus.
“Why did she refuse to go there？” the teacher asked. →The teacher asked why she had refused to go there.
三、 句子 结构的变化
1. 直接引语为陈述句时，用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可用said，也可用told来代替。请注意，可以说said that， said to sb. that或者told sb. that，不可直接说told that。
如：He said，“I have been to the Great Wall.”→He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall.
He said，“I’ll give you an examination next Monday.”→He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday.
如果间接引语是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列从句，第一个连词可以省略，以后的连词一般不省略，以免混乱。
如：The doctor said，“You are not seriously ill， you will be better soon.”→The doctor said（that）I was not seriously ill and that I would be better soon.
2. 直接引语为一般疑问句时，间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中的谓语动词said要改为asked，语序是陈述句的语序，这一点非常重要。
如：He said，“Do you have any difficulty with
pronunciation？”→He asked（me） whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation.
He said，“You are interested in English， aren’t you？”→He asked whether I was interested in English.
3. 直接引语为选择疑问句时，间接引语用whether...or...表达，而不用if...or...，也不用either...or...，语序是陈述句语序。
如：He asked，“Do you speak English or French？”→ He asked me whether I spoke English or French.
I asked，“Will you take bus or take train？”→ I asked him whether he would take bus or take train.
4. 直接引语为特殊疑问句时，原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask（sb.）来表达，语序改为陈述句语序。
如：He asked，“What’s your name？”→He asked（me）what my name was.
He asked us，“How many car factories have been built in your country？”→He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.
5. 直接引语为祈使句时，间接引语用带to的不定式表达，谓语动词常是ask， advise， tell， warn， order，request等。如ask sb. to do（用于肯定祈使句），ask sb. not to do（用于否定祈使句）。不定式 短语 中的时间状语、地点状语、人称及时态都做相应的变化。
如：He said，“Be seated， please.”→ He asked us to be seated.
“Do be careful with your handwritting.”he said →He told me to be careful with my handwriting.
“Don’t touch anything in the lab without permission”，the teacher said. → The teacher warned the students not to touch anything in the lab without permission.
6. 有些直接引语含有“建议”“劝告”的祈使句，可用suggest，insist，offer等动词转述。
如：He said，“Let’s have a rest.”→He suggested us having a rest.
He said，“Let me help you.”→ He offered to help me.
7. 当直接引语形式上是疑问句，有表示“请求”“建议”的意义时，可用ask sb. to do sth.，advise sb. to do sth.等形式转述。
如：“Would you mind opening the door？”he asked. →He asked me to open the door.
“Why not going out for a walk？”he asked us. →He advised us to go out for a walk.
8. 直接引语是感叹句时，可用what或how引导，也可用that引导。
如：She said，“What a lovely day it is！” → She said what a lovely day it was. /She said that it was a lovely day.
四、从句时态无须改变的情况
1. 当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时
如：He always says，“I am tired out.”→ He always says that he is tired out.
2. 当主句的谓语动词是一般将来时时
如：He will say，“I’ll try my best to help you.”→ He will say that he will try his best to help me.
3. 当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时
如：He said，“I went to college in 1994.”→ He told us that he went to college in 1994.
4. 当直接引语中有以when， while引导的从句，表示过去的时间时
如：He said，“When I was a child， I usually played football after school.” →He said that when he was a child， he usually played football after school.
5. 当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时
如：Our teacher said to us，“Light travels faster than sound.” →Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.
6. 当直接引语是 谚语 、格言时
如：He said，“Practice makes perfect.” → He said that practice makes perfect.
7.当直接引语中有情态动词should，would，could，had better，would rather，might，must，ought to，used to，need时
如：The doctor said，“You’d better drink plenty of water.” → The doctor said I’d better drink plenty of water.
He said， “She must be a teacher.” → He said that she must be a teacher.
He said，“She ought to have arrived her office by now.” →He said that she ought to have arrived her office by then.
She asked，“Must I take the medicine？” → She asked if she had to take the medicine.
8. 除以上情况外，直接引语与间接引语的转换要因实际情况而定，不能机械地照搬。如果当地转述，here不必改为there，动词come不必改为go。如果当天转述yesterday，tomorrow，this afternoon等均不必改变。
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