新概念英语第二册Lesson76~78课文注释
新概念英语第二册Lesson76课文注释
1.…we're going over to the macaroni fields of Calabria.……我们现在到克拉布利亚的通心粉田里。
(1)go over表示“往……走过去”，暗示中间原有一段距离：
I went over to the blind man to help him across the road.
我走到那个盲人身边，帮他过马路。
(2)field指“(一块)田”、“块”，为可数名词，常用复数：
Many people are busy harvesting in the rice fields.
稻田里许多人正忙着收割。
(3)macaroni指“通心粉”，是加工过的面粉。它不可能像wheat, rice一样长在田里，不该与fields连用，但由于是愚弄人的玩笑，所以这篇文章通篇都是以通心粉长在地里为前提进行的描述。由于macaroni是意大利语，很可能有人会以为是某种没听说过的新的粮食品种。
2.between them,由于他们共同努力的结果。
between作介词时含义之一是“作为……共同努力的结果”、“协力”;
Between them they killed the snake.
他们一起杀死了那条蛇。
Between us we pulled down the tree.
我们协力把树拉倒了。
3.the September rains,9月雨季。
rain一般指“雨水”：
The rain is falling heavily.
雨下得很大。
We haven't had much rain this year.
今年雨水不多。
当rain指“雨季”、“季节性的雨”，尤其是热带地区的雨季时，要用复数形式：
We'd better leave the district before the April rains.
我们在4月的雨季之前离开这个地区。
Sometimes spring rains are really annoying.
有时绵绵春雨真让人心烦意乱。
新概念英语第二册Lesson77课文注释
1. The mummy is that of Shepenmut…这是……赛潘姆特的木乃伊。
that用以指代前面的 the mummy，以避免重复。在指代特指的事物时，尤其是在比较状语从句中，常用that和those指代前面提到的事物：
The cost of living here is lower than that in London.
这里的生活费用比伦敦的要低。
that of和those of一般用于较正式的文体中：
The area of the USA is larger than that of Britain.
美国的面积比英国的大。
Tom's pen is better than that of the other boys.
汤姆的笔比其他男孩的要好。
课文中使用that of结构的原因之一是 Shepenmut需要后面跟一个补充说明她身份的关系从句。
2.die of,死于……，因……而死(后面跟名词)。
His grandfather died of a bad cold/died of hunger.
他爷爷死于重感冒/是饿死的。
3.The operation, which lasted for over four hours, proved to be very difficult…手术持续了4个多小时，非常难做……
(1)last表示“持续”、“延续”时为不及物动词，后面通常跟一个表示时间的名词/短语，for可有可无：
The war between the two countries lasted (for) over three years/until 1453.
这两个国家之间的战争持续了3年多/一直持续到1453年。
(2)prove表示“证明”、“证实”，后面可以跟从句、形容词、名词、不定式等：
We've been trying to sell our house, but it's proved to be very difficult.
我们一直试图把房子卖掉，不过事实证明这很困难。
You should first prove that you bought these goods here.
你应该首先证明这些物品你是从这里买的。
(3)which引导的分句为非限定性关系从句，因为它前后都有逗号。非限定性关系从句提供补充信息，往往可以略去。逗号的取舍有时对句子的意思有很大影响：
The government which promises to cut taxes will be popular.
减税的政府将赢得人心。(限定性)
The government, which promises to cut taxes, will be popular.
这个政府减税，它将会赢得人心。(非限定性)
在非限定性关系从句中，指人的关系代词只能用who/whom, 不能用that(限定性从句则可以);指物的关系代词只能用which,不能用that;带介词的非限定性关系从句中也不能用that:
The astronauts, who are said to be very excited, are ex pected to land on the moon shortly.
那些宇航员们可望不久登上月球，据说他们很激动。
This garage, which my father built in his lifetime has lasted for a long time.
我父亲生前建的这个车库已经有很长时间了。(which 不可省略)
在非限定性关系从句中，which有时可用来代替前面提到的整个分句：
She married Joe, which(=and this/that) surprised everyone.
她嫁给了乔，这使大家都感到意外。
4.The doctors have not yet decided how the woman died.医生们至今还未确定这位妇女的死因。
decide在这里不是指“下决心/决定”，而是指“对……下判决”、“解决(悬案)”等：
The police cannot decide yet which of the two men is guilty.
警方尚不能确定这两人中哪一个有罪。
5. fall to pieces,散掉，成为碎片(也可以说go to pieces)。
During the storm, the old house fell to pieces.
在暴风雨中，那座老房子塌了。
After two years their marriage fell to pieces.
两年以后，他们的婚姻破裂了。
6.The mummy successfully survived the operation. 这具木乃伊成功地经受了这次手术。
survive表示“经历(灾难等)之后还活着”：
Only a young woman and her two baby daughters survived the plane crash.
只有一位年轻的妇女和她的两个女婴在那次飞机失事中生还。
新概念英语第二册Lesson78课文注释
1. an article entitled‘Cigarette Smoking and Your Health’,一篇题为《吸烟与健康》的文章。
在英语中，文章名与书名中的每个单词的第一个字母均大写，不在开头位置的连词、冠词、小品词除外。entitle的含义为“给……题名/定名”，在这里是过去分词(短语)作定语。entitle常用于被动语态：
The writer hasn't entitled his new book yet.
那位作家还没给他的新书写/取名。
The book was entitled The Sun Also Rises.
那本书的书名为《太阳照样升起》。
2. I had all the usual symptoms of someone giving up smoking: a bad temper and an enormous appetite. 我具备了戒烟者通常表现出来的所有症状：脾气暴躁和食欲旺盛。
a bad temper and an enormous appetite为symptoms的同位语。
giving up smoking可以看做是someone的定语，即someone who gives up smoking.
3. My friends Kept on offering me cigarettes and cigars. 我的朋友们不断地向我递香烟和雪茄。
keep on doing sth.表示“继续做某事”、“反复做某事”：
The child was crying loudly, but he kept on watching TV.
孩子在大声哭，但他却一直看电视。
He kept on phoning her.
他不断地给她打电话。
4.They made no effort to hide…他们毫不掩饰地……
make no effort表示“根本不作努力”。我们还可以说：
She wrote the letter with/without effort.
她费力地/毫不费力地写了那封信。
Georeg made every effort to get/at getting the job.
乔治竭尽全力想得到那份工作。
5. …it was more than I could bear. ……我再也忍不住了。more than后面跟一个从句或一个形容词时可以表示“超出”(多用于口语)：
He was more than pleased with his new room.
他对自己的新房间极其满意。
This was more than I had expected.
这超出了我的预料。
6.Anyway,as Brian pointed out, it is the easiest thing in the world to give up smoking.不管怎么说，正如布赖恩指出的那样，戒烟是世界上最容易的事情。
it为先行主语，代替后面的不定式短语 to give up…point out为固定短语，表示“指出”、“指明”：
Why didn't you point out his mistake to him at that time?
你那时候为什么不向他指出他的错误?
He pointed out that we still had to get a few other things.
他指出我们还需要/得再买一些其他东西。
