英语的过去进行时怎么用
一、基本用法
1. 过去进行时的基本用法主要表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作。
如:He fell asleep when he was reading. 他看书时睡着了。
2、过去进行时表示感情色彩与现在进行时相似,过去进行时也可表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩,也通常与 always, forever, continually等副词连用。
如:They were always quarrelling. 他们老是吵架。
3、常用的时 间状语this morning, the whole morning, all day ,yesterd ay, from nine to ten last evening, when, while ,at that time,.just now,a moment ago
二、结构
1. 过去进行时由"主语+was/were + 现在分词"构成
例如:
We were having supper when the phone rang. 我们正在吃晚饭时电话响了。
2. 过去进行时的否定式由"was/were not +现在分词"构成
例如: This time yesterday Jack was not watching TV. He was repairing his bike.
昨天这个时候,杰克不是在看电视,而是在修理自行车?
3. 过去进行时的疑问式由"was/were +主语+ 现在分词"构成
例如: Were you playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon? 昨天下午四点你们在打篮球吗?
拓展资料
过去进行时在句子中的作用
1、表示原因。例句: I didn’t hear what you said;I was looking at the picture. 我没有听见你的话,我在看那幅画。 I haven’t finished my homework yet,I was helping my mother in the kitchen all day yesterday. 我还没完成作业,我昨天一整天都在帮妈妈干厨房活。
2、对所说的话进行强调。在小说的对话中,有时引述动词不用一般过去时,而用过去进行时,意在强调所说的话,语气较重,且更为生动。例句: A:“Did they catch her?”Mary was asking. “他们抓住她了吗?”只听得玛丽问道。 B:”No,she escaped.”Tom told her. “没有,她逃走了。”汤姆告诉她。
3、过去进行时还可和when结构遥相呼应,含有意外之意。例句: I was walking in the street when someone called me. 我正在街上走时突然有人喊我。
4、表示与现在事实相反或将来的猜想情况,有时表示不耐烦等情绪。例句: I was going to phone you,but I just didn’t have time. 我本想给你打电话的,但就是没有时间。 The basketball match was taking place the next day,but it had to be canceled because of the heavy rain. 篮球赛原定第二天举行的,但因大雨不得不取消。 I thought you were never coming. 我以为你总不会来了。
5、用来陈述原因或用作借口。 She went to the doctor yesterday. She was having a lot of trouble with her heart. 她昨天去看病了。她患了很严重的心脏病。
6、与always,constantly等词连用,表示感情色彩。例句: The girl was always changing her mind. 这女孩老是改变主意。
7、表示动作的未完成性。过去进行时可以表示动作的未完成性,即对某事了解的不全面,希望得到更详细的情况。例句: I was hearing Susan had entered the college. 我听说苏珊上了大学。
8、表示继续刚刚中断的谈话,用于日常生活中。例句: As I were telling you,the boy took his stubbornness from his father. 正想我刚刚告诉你的,这孩子的犟脾气是他爸爸遗传给他的。 As she was telling me,we must depend upon ourselves to make our own way as best we can. 正如她所告诉我的,我们必须依靠自己竭尽全力走自己的路。
9、表示婉转语气,只限于want,hope,wonder等动词,用以提出请求。例句: I was wondering if you could help me. 我想知道你是否能够帮助我。 I was hoping you could send me the book. 我想知道你是否能把书借给我。
10、表示对比。 例句: He was not sitting idle,he was making preparations. 他没有闲坐着,他在做准备。 While the children were playing in the shade,their parents were working in the scorching sun. 孩子们在树荫下玩耍,而他们的父母却在烈日下劳作。
过去进行时的基本用法
1.表示过去某个时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作
常和表示过去时间的状语如then(那时),at this(that)time(在这时/那时),yesterday(昨天),last year(去年)等连用。但在不少情况下,没有表示时间的状语,此时需通过上下文来表示:
What were you doing at about 4 o'clock yesterday afternoon? —I was listening to music.昨天下午4点钟左右你在做什么? ——我在听音乐。
Jane was working on her homework last night.简昨晚在写作业。
2.在某事(动作)发生前开始的动作
过去进行时和一般过去时经常在一个句子里使用。用过去进行时表示过去正在进行的动作。过去进行时可用于主句,亦可用于从句:
Just as I was leaving the house,the telephone rang.我正要出门,电话铃响了。(用于从句)
He broke his leg when he was playing football.他踢足球的时候把腿伤了。(用于从句)
She was reading when he called.他来访时,她正在看书。(用于主句)
3.表示同时进行的动作
While you were writing letters,I was reading a book.你写信的时候,我在看书。
While we were having breakfast,John was talking on the tele-phone.我们吃早饭的时候,约翰在打电话。
4.表示过去将来的动作
过去进行时亦可表示从过去某时间看将要发生的动作。常用在间接引语中:
She was leaving early the next morning.第二天一早她就要离开此地了。(从过去某时间看)
She asked whether he was coming back for lunch.她问他晚饭是否回家来吃。(用于间接引语中)
We were coming to see you,but it rained(so we didn't).我们本预备来看你,只是下雨了。
5.表示客气的询问
用过去进行时比用一般过去时更客气,更不肯定。
I was wondering about it.我对那事感到疑惑。
I was wondering how to get there quickly/where to spend the weekend.我想知道怎样才能迅速到达那里/在何处度周末。
过去进行时(The Past Continuous):
主要表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作,由be动词的过去式加现在分词构成。
过去进行时的构成
肯定句:主语 + was/were + 现在分词...
否定句:主语 + was/were + not + 现在分词...
疑问句:Was/Were + 主语 + 现在分词...?
疑问代词/疑问副词 + was/were + 主语 + 现在分词...?
过去进行时的肯定句
句型:主语 + was/were + 现在分词...
过去进行时的构成方式:
All the pupils were writing their homework in the classroom then.那时,所有的小学生都在教室里写作业。
By the time we got there,it was already getting dark.等我们赶到那里时,天已经黑下来了。
过去进行时的否定句
句型:主语 + was/were + not + 现在分词...
过去进行时的否定句是在助动词was/were后加not,后接现在分词:
They were not playing basketball,but playing volleyball.他们不是在打篮球,而是打排球。
过去进行时的一般疑问句
句型: Was/Were + 主语 + 现在分词...?
回答方式:Yes,主语 + was/were...
No,主语 + was/were + not...
过去进行时的特殊疑问句是将疑问代词/疑问副词置于助动词was/were之前(was/were的第一个字母无需大写),和一般疑问句差不多,在句尾加问号;这种语序是主语和谓语倒装语序。就主语提问时,将疑问代词或带有疑问限定词的名词词组置于助动词was/were之前,在句尾加问号;这种语序是陈述句语序:
Who was singing last night? —Tom was singing last night.昨晚是谁在唱歌? (就主语提问)——是汤姆。
What was she doing when he called? —She was reading when he called.当他来访时,她在做什么? ——她在看书。(就宾语提问)
What was that man doing in your room? 那个男人在你房间里做什么? (就宾语提问)
现在进行时和过去进行时的构成方式的比较:
拓展资料:
过去进行时和一般过去时的区别
过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作,强调动作的连续性。一般过去时表示一个完成的动作。
即用一般过去时只表示有过这件事或比较短暂的动作:
He talked to his girlfriend on the phone yesterday.昨天他和女朋友通过电话。
He was talking to his girlfriend on the phone when I came in.我进来时,他在和女朋友通电话。
It rained yesterday.昨天下过雨。(不一定是一整天)
过去进行时结构组成
1. 过去进行时由“主语+was/were + doing”构成
eg: We were having supper when the phone rang. 我们正在吃晚饭时电话响了。
2. 过去进行时的否定式由“主语+was/were not +doing”构成
eg: This time yesterday Jack was not watching TV. He was repairing his bike. 昨天这个时候,杰克不是在看电视,而是在修理自行车。
3. 过去进行时的疑问式由“was/were +主语+doing”组成
eg: Were you playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon? 昨天下午四点你们在打篮球吗?
1、过去进行时表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作或者事情。
常用的时间状语this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while例如:
We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.
昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。
2、过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。
例如:What was she doing at nine o'clock yesterday?
昨天晚上九点她在做什么?(介词短语表示时间点)
英语的过去进行时特殊用法
1、当句子意思很清楚时,也可以把两个动词都换成一般过去时
例:We listened carefully when the teacher read the text.老师读课文时,我们都仔细地听着。
2、表示按计划、安排过去将要发生的事。用于come,go,leave,start,arrive等表示位置转移的动词时,也可以用过去进行时表示过去将要发生的动作。
例:He told me(that)he was going soon.他告诉我他很快就要走了。
3、表示故事发生的背景。
例:It was snowing as the medical team made its way to the front.那支医疗小组往前线行进时,天正下雪。
表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内进行或发生的动作。其形式为was /were + V-ing。常与表示过去的时间状语连用,如:last night,last Saturday等;或者与when,while,as引导的过去时间状语连用。例如:We were watching TV from seven to nine last night. 昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。What was he researching all day last Sunday? 上周日他一整天都在研究什么?时间段
二、 过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。如:What was she doing at nine o‘clock yesterday? 昨天晚上九点她正在做什么? (介词短语表示时间点) When I saw him he was decorating his room. 当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间。(when从句表示时间点)
三、 在复合句中,如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的,那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。例如:While he was waiting for the bus,he was reading a newspaper.他边等车边看报。(两个动作都是延续的) He was cleaning his car while I was cooking. 他擦车时我在做饭。(两个动作同时进行)
四、 通常不能用于过去进行时的动词主要有:agree,be动词,believe,belong,care,forget,hate,have(拥有),hear,know,like,love,mean,mind,notice,own,remember,seem,suppose,understand,want,wish等。静态动词 暂时性动词 过去进行时同样也不能用。
例如:误:I was knowing the answer.
正:I knew the answer. 我知道答案。
误:I wasn‘t understanding him.
正:I didn‘t understand him. 我不明白他的意思。
结构组成:
1. 过去进行时由“主语+was/were + 现在分词”构成
EX: We were having supper when the phone rang. 我们正在吃晚饭时电话响了。
2. 过去进行时的否定式由“主语+was/were not +现在分词”构成
EX: This time yesterday Jack was not watching TV. He was repairing his bike. 昨天这个时候,杰克不是在看电视,而是在修理自行车。
3. 过去进行时的疑问式由“was/were +主语+ 现在分词”组成
EX: Were you playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon? 昨天下午四点你们在打篮球吗?
句型
肯定句=主语+was/were+doing+其它
否定句=主语+was/were+not+doing+其它
一般疑问句=Was/Were+主语+doing+其它
答语:Yes,I was/were.或No,I wasn't/weren’t.
特殊疑问句=特殊疑问词+一般疑问句+其它
例句
1、We were having supper when the phone rang. 我们正在吃晚饭时,电话响了。
2、This time yesterday Jack was not watching TV. 昨天这个时候杰克没看电视。
3、He was repairing his bike.他在修理自行车。
4、When/While we were having supper, the light went out. 我们正在吃饭时,灯熄灭了。
5、While we were talking, the teacher came in. 当我们正在谈话时,老师进来了。
6、While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper.他边等车边看报。
7、He was cleaning his car while I was cooking. 他擦车时,我正在做饭。
8、Tom was getting up at six o’clock every day that week. 汤姆那一周里每天都是六点钟起床。
基本用法
1、过去进行时的基本用法主要表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作。
例:He fell asleep when he was reading. 他看书时睡着了。
2. 用过去进行时表示现在主要是为了使语气委婉、客气。
例:I was wondering if you can give me a lift. 我不知你能否让我搭一下车。
【注】一般过去时也有类似用法,但比较而言,用过去进行时显得更客气,更加不肯定。
3.过去进行时表示感情色彩与现在进行时相似,过去进行时也可表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩,也通常与 always,forever,continually等副词连用。
如:They were always quarrelling. 他们老是吵架。
4.动词be的过去进行时也可表示过去一时的表现或暂时的状态。
比较:He was friendly. 他很友好。(过去长期如此)
He was being friendly. 他当时显得很友好。(指当时一时的表现)
补充:when 的后面加一般过去时,而且动词是短暂性动词。
while 的后面加过去进行时,动词是延续性动词同省同留。
特殊用法
1、当句子意思很清楚时,我们也可以把两个动词都换成一般过去时
例:We listened carefully when the teacher read the text. 老师读课文时,我们都仔细地听着。
2、表示按计划、安排过去将要发生的事。用于come,go,leave,start,arrive等表示位置转移的动词时,也可以用过去进行时表示过去将要发生的动作。
例:He told me(that)he was going soon. 他告诉我他很快就要走了。
3、表示故事发生的背景。
例:It was snowing as the medical team made its way to the front. 那支医疗小组往前线行进时,天正下雪。
4、表示一个新的动作刚刚开始,可用来引出一个新的动作。
例:Five minutes later,he stood in the doorway smoking a cigarette. 5分钟后,他已站在门口抽着烟。
5、过去进行时还可以和when结构遥相呼应,含有意外之意。
例:I was walking in the street when someone called me. 我正在街上走时突然有人喊我。
6、用来陈述原因或用作借口。
例:She went to the doctor yesterday. She was having a lot of trouble with her heart.她昨天去看病了。她患了很严重的心脏病。
7、与always,constantly等词连用,表示感情色彩。
例:The girl was always changing her mind. 这女孩老是改变主意。
8、用在状语中。
例:He felt asleep when he was reading. 当他阅读时,他睡着了。
变化规则
现在分词
1. 在动词原形后直接加-ing
look-looking cook-cooking read-reading
2. 以不发音字母e结尾的动词 ,去掉e再加-ing
write-writing live-living
3. 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写该辅音字母后再加-ing
begin-beginning swim-swimming sit-sitting
4. 少数几个以ie结尾的动词,要变ie为y,再加-ing
tie-tying die-dying lie-lying
5. 以ic结尾的动词,要把ic变成ick再加ing
picnic→picnicking,traffic→trafficking
时间状语
this morning,the whole morning,all day,yesterday,from nine to ten last evening,when,while,at that time.
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself;
It was raining when they left the station;
When I got to the top of the mountain,the sun was shining.
典型例题
(1) Mary _C_ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情,应用过去时。同 时,when表时间的同时性,"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景,因此用过去进行时。
(2) As she _b_ the newspaper,Granny _b_ asleep.
A.read; was falling B. was reading; fell C. was reading; was falling D. read;fell
答案B. 句中的as = when,while,意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时,用过去进行;一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时,奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去式),是系动词,后跟形容词。
时态比较
过去进行时与一般过去时的区别
1.都强调过去发生的事
过去进行时强调过程,不一定完成
一般过去时强调事件,一定完成
p.s.:表示一个动作正在进行时,另一个动作发生了,第一个动作用过去进行时,第二个动作用一般过去时。
或者说:过去的一个动作发生时,另一个动作正在进行,如果两动作一样长,则都用过去进行时。如果一个长一个短,则较长的用过去进行时。
例:He played when I was studying.
2.过去进行时与一般过去时,两者都表示过去发生的动作,但过去进行时表示在过去某一特定的时间点或时间段正在进行的动作,而一般过去时表示在过去时间完成的动作。例如:
例:I was typing a letter last night. 昨晚我在打一封信.(可能没打完)
I typed some letters last night. 我昨晚打了一些信.(已经打完)
1、一般过去时往往表示某一动作已经完成,而过去进行时却表示动作在持续或未完成。(延续性动词)
例:She wrote a letter to her friend last night. 她昨晚给朋友写了封信。(信写完了)
She was writing a letter to her friend last night. 她昨晚一直在给朋友写信。(信不一定写完)
2、一般过去时表示只做一次动作,而过去进行时却表示动作反复地进行。(短暂性动词)
例:She waved to me. 她朝我挥了挥手。
3、句中有a moment ago之类的短语一般用一般过去时。
4、句中有at this time last Sunday, from 8 to 9 yesterday 之类的状语一般用过去进行时。过去进行时可以用来代替一般过去时,表示更为偶然而非预定的动作:
例:I was talking to Tom the other day. 那天我跟汤姆聊天来着。
这里的过去进行时给人的印象是这一动作既不特殊,也不引人注目。它同时还倾向于解除主语对于这一动作所负的责任。句中谁先开口说话既不清楚,也无关紧要。要注意它与一般过去时的差异:
注意:进行时态只用于表示显然是连续不断的动作。如果把动作分割开,或者说出其发生的次数,就必须用一般过去时:
例:I talked to Tom several times. 我跟汤姆谈过几次话。
Tom washed both cars.汤姆把两辆汽车都洗了。
当然,看来是并行的两个动作可以都用进行时态来表示:
例:Between one and two I was doing the shopping and walking the dog.一点到两点之间我在购物、遛狗。
这样用的进行时态通常和某些时间状语如 today,last night,in the afternoon连用。这些时间状语可以看做是表示某一时刻,也可以看做是表示某一段时间。如上面例句所示,某一段时间也可以用确切的时间来表示。
如想问起一段时间怎样度过时,用过去进行时态要用比一般过去时显得有礼貌:
What were you doing before you came here?(你来这里之前做什么工作?)要比 What did you do be- fore you came here?听起来有礼貌。
另一方面, What were you doing in my room?(你在我的房间里干什么来着?)可能表示这样一种情感:我认为你没有权利在我的屋子里。但 What did you do in my room?却毫无这种含义。
不用于进行时的动词
感官动词:hear,see,notice,feel,taste……
表示态度感情的动词:like,love,hate……
表心理状态:feel,want,prefer……
表占有:own,have,……
表存在状态和持续:look,owe,be……
过去进行时的主要用法
1.表示过去某一时间内(正在)进行的动作
如:I was doing my homework at 9 p.m. last Sunday.
2.表示一动作正在进行时,另一动作同时正在进行.
(1)用while连接(while只接doing)
例:My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework.(可以持续动作时态一致)
(2)when表示(when可以接doing或did,when后动作时间长,用doing,时间短,用did)
例:I was doing my homework when my mother came in.(间接表达了具体时间)
3.重复的动作
When he worked here, John was always making mistakes.
4.表示过去将要发生的动作
She told us Mr.Lee was arriving here.
5.用于故事,以提供其时间背景
拓展资料:
表示过去在某一时间段或某一段时间内正在发生或进行的动作或状态。其形式为 主语+was /were + V-ing。常与表示过去的时间状语连用,如:last night,last Saturday等;或者与when,while,as引导的过去时间状语连用。
在英语时态中,“时“指动作发生的时间,”态“指动作的样子和状态。例如:We were watching TV from seven to nine last night. 昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。What was he researching all day last Sunday? 上周日他一整天都在研究什么?时间段