限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的区别
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一、在句中作用不同
限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用,使该词的含义更具体,更明确.限制性定语从句不能被省略,否则句意就不完整.
非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切,只是对其作一些附加说明,不起限定制约作用.如果将非限制性定语从句省去,主句的意义仍然完整.
二、外在表现形式不同
限制性定语从句因与先行词关系密切,所以不可以用逗号将其与主句隔开;而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切,所以可用逗号将其与主句隔开.
例 1.Do you remember the girl who taught us English?
你还记得教我们英语的那个女孩吗?
例 2.Clock is a kind of instrument which can tell people time.
钟是一种能够告诉人们时间的仪器.
例 3.This is the place where he used to live.
这就是他过去居住的地方.
例 4.Mr.Zhang,who came to see me yesterday,is an old friend of mine.
张先生昨天来看我,他是我的一位朋友.
例 5.We walked down the village street,where they were having market day.
我们沿着村里的大街向前走去,村民们正在那里赶集.
在前三个例句中,定语从句与先行词关系密切,为限制性定语从句,不可用逗号将其与主句隔开.在后两个例句中,定语从句与先行词关系不密切,为非限制性定语从句,可用逗号将其与主句隔开.
限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用,使该词的含义更具体,更明确.限制性定语从句不能被省略,否则句意就不完整.
非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切,只是对其作一些附加说明,不起限定制约作用.如果将非限制性定语从句省去,主句的意义仍然完整.
二、外在表现形式不同
限制性定语从句因与先行词关系密切,所以不可以用逗号将其与主句隔开;而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切,所以可用逗号将其与主句隔开.
例 1.Do you remember the girl who taught us English?
你还记得教我们英语的那个女孩吗?
例 2.Clock is a kind of instrument which can tell people time.
钟是一种能够告诉人们时间的仪器.
例 3.This is the place where he used to live.
这就是他过去居住的地方.
例 4.Mr.Zhang,who came to see me yesterday,is an old friend of mine.
张先生昨天来看我,他是我的一位朋友.
例 5.We walked down the village street,where they were having market day.
我们沿着村里的大街向前走去,村民们正在那里赶集.
在前三个例句中,定语从句与先行词关系密切,为限制性定语从句,不可用逗号将其与主句隔开.在后两个例句中,定语从句与先行词关系不密切,为非限制性定语从句,可用逗号将其与主句隔开.
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限定性定语从句&非限定性定语从句的区别
1限定性定语从句:
不能省略,如果省略整个句子意思不完整
非限定性定语从句:
可以省略,如果省略整个句子意思仍然完整
2限定性定语从句:可以用that引导
非限定性定语从句:不可以用that引导
3限定性定语从句:关联词有时可以省略
非限定性定语从句:关联词不可以省略
4限定性定语从句:不用逗号把它和句子的其他部分隔开
非限定性定语从句:用逗号把它和句子的其他部分隔开
5限定性定语从句:只能修饰先行词
非限定性定语从句:
可以修饰先行词,也可以修饰整个句子或句子的一部分
1限定性定语从句:
不能省略,如果省略整个句子意思不完整
非限定性定语从句:
可以省略,如果省略整个句子意思仍然完整
2限定性定语从句:可以用that引导
非限定性定语从句:不可以用that引导
3限定性定语从句:关联词有时可以省略
非限定性定语从句:关联词不可以省略
4限定性定语从句:不用逗号把它和句子的其他部分隔开
非限定性定语从句:用逗号把它和句子的其他部分隔开
5限定性定语从句:只能修饰先行词
非限定性定语从句:
可以修饰先行词,也可以修饰整个句子或句子的一部分
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定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开
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限制性定语从句不用逗号与主句分开,对所修饰的词起特指或限定的作用,去掉后意思不完整或不太清楚。翻译成中文时,一般把定语从句翻译在先行词之前。 eg. This is the man who helped me. 这就是帮助过我的那个男人。(如果缺乏了从句则主句意思不明确) I was the only person in our office that was invite to the palace ball. 我是我们办公室里唯一一个被邀请到宫殿厅的人。 非限制性的定语从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开,只对被修饰的词语或主句起补充说明的作用,去掉后对句意影响不大。翻译时通常把定语从句翻译在先行词后边,作为附加说明。 eg. I have two sisters, who are both doctors. 我有两个姐妹,她们都是医生。(除去从句也可以表达清楚) Last Sunday they reached Shanghai, where a meeting was holding. 上个星期天他们到达了上海,那儿正有一个会议召开。
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一、句法功能、表现形式不同
定语从句分为限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句不可缺少先行词,去掉它主句意思往往就不明确了,它与主句之间通常不用逗号分开;非限制性定语从句是对先行词的附加说明,去掉它也不会影响主句的意思。如:
Do you know the professor who is speakingat the meeting? (限制性定语从句)
English is an important subject, whichevery student should study well. (非限制性定语从句)
二、先行词不尽相同
限制性定语从句的先行词往往是某一个词,但非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词,也可以是句子的一部分,甚至是整个主句,此时非限制性定语从句一般由which或as引导,as引导非限制性定语从句常用在as is said/known/expected/mentioned/reported/ announced等结构中。如:
He has passed the college entranceexamination, which makes his parents quite happy.
As is known to everybody, the moon travelsround the earth once every month.
三、关系词的使用情况有所不同
1. that 不可引导非限制性定语从句。如:
Her father gave her a computer for herbirthday,which pleased her a lot.
2. why 不用在非限制性定语从句中,需用for which代替。如:
I told them the reason, for which I didn'tattend the party last week.
3. 关系代词替代情况不同
关系代词 whom 在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用 who 代替 whom, 但 whom 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用 who代替。如:
This is the girl whom (who) I have been inlove with for six years.
The young man had a new girlfriend, whom hewanted to show all his love for.
4. 关系代词省略情况不同
关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略;非限制性定语从句的所有关系代词均不可省略。如:
She is the new student (whom / who / that)I want to introduce to you.
All the books there, which have beautifulpictures in them, were written by him.
四、下列情形用非限制性定语从句
1. 当“不定数量词 (如some,several) /数词+ of which/whom”表示“整体 (which/whom)中的一部分”的概念时。如:
We saw many animals in the zoo, some ofwhich are tigers.
There are fifteen new players in our team,two of whom come from Canada.
2. 当先行词为专有名词或被物主代词和指示代词修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。如:
My house, which I bought last year, has gota lovely garden.
Qingdao, where I have been three times, is an attractive city to foreigners.
定语从句分为限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句不可缺少先行词,去掉它主句意思往往就不明确了,它与主句之间通常不用逗号分开;非限制性定语从句是对先行词的附加说明,去掉它也不会影响主句的意思。如:
Do you know the professor who is speakingat the meeting? (限制性定语从句)
English is an important subject, whichevery student should study well. (非限制性定语从句)
二、先行词不尽相同
限制性定语从句的先行词往往是某一个词,但非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词,也可以是句子的一部分,甚至是整个主句,此时非限制性定语从句一般由which或as引导,as引导非限制性定语从句常用在as is said/known/expected/mentioned/reported/ announced等结构中。如:
He has passed the college entranceexamination, which makes his parents quite happy.
As is known to everybody, the moon travelsround the earth once every month.
三、关系词的使用情况有所不同
1. that 不可引导非限制性定语从句。如:
Her father gave her a computer for herbirthday,which pleased her a lot.
2. why 不用在非限制性定语从句中,需用for which代替。如:
I told them the reason, for which I didn'tattend the party last week.
3. 关系代词替代情况不同
关系代词 whom 在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用 who 代替 whom, 但 whom 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用 who代替。如:
This is the girl whom (who) I have been inlove with for six years.
The young man had a new girlfriend, whom hewanted to show all his love for.
4. 关系代词省略情况不同
关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略;非限制性定语从句的所有关系代词均不可省略。如:
She is the new student (whom / who / that)I want to introduce to you.
All the books there, which have beautifulpictures in them, were written by him.
四、下列情形用非限制性定语从句
1. 当“不定数量词 (如some,several) /数词+ of which/whom”表示“整体 (which/whom)中的一部分”的概念时。如:
We saw many animals in the zoo, some ofwhich are tigers.
There are fifteen new players in our team,two of whom come from Canada.
2. 当先行词为专有名词或被物主代词和指示代词修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。如:
My house, which I bought last year, has gota lovely garden.
Qingdao, where I have been three times, is an attractive city to foreigners.
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