Question

请帮忙将一段医学论文英文翻译成中文。

Early trials of prophylactic antimicrobial agents often failed to show efficacy in preventing surgical-wound infections because the antibiotics were given after surgery was completed. Using a guinea pig model of subcutaneous S. aureus infection, Burke demonstrated that administering antibiotics before or shortly after the inoculation of skin with S. aureus reduced the size of the ensuing skin lesion markedly and that with each delay of an hour in antibiotic administration, the resulting lesion became larger until the third hour. By the fourth hour, the lesion was the same size as in untreated control animals.19 This work was corroborated by Shapiro et al., who used the guinea pig model for studies with B. fragilis.20 The clinical validity of these observations was established by Polk and LopezMayor in a study of perioperative and postoperative administration or cephaloridine in which there was a significantly lower rate of surgical-wound infection in patients who received the drug perioperatively.21These results were further supported in a trial by Stone et al.. who also found the lowest rate of surgical-wound infection in patients receiving preoperative antibiotics and showed that the rates of' wound infection in patients given antibiotics one to four hours after the start of' surgery were significantly higher than those in patients with preoperative administration and were the same as those in patients receiving no prophylaxjs.22
The relation between the timing of antibiotic prophylaxis iii clinical practice and the occurrence of surgical-wound infections has not been well studied, although several clinical trials have suggested an association. We found that the use of antibiotics within the two-hour period before an operation was associated with the lowest rate of surgical-wound infection. and logistic-regression analysis also supported the conclusion that antibiotic administration during this period was inversely associated with the occurrence of such infections. Patients who received antibiotic pro-phylaxis more than three hours after the initial incision had a wound-infection rate of 3.3 percent, more than five times the rate in those who received antibiotics within two hours of surgery (P<0.0001). Patients who received an antibiotic. within three hours after the incision had an infection rate of l.4 percent, almost three times the rate in the preoperative timing group (P = 0.12). These differences suggest that there is an increased risk of surgical-wound infection even if the antibiotic is administered shortly after the surgical incision is made. In our study, the rate of wound infection was higher with each hour that passed after the. surgical incision, supporting the observation that the risk of infection increases with each hour after the incision until antimicrobial prophylaxis is administered.

Answer 1

早期的试验失败的预防性抗生素常常显示效果防止感染的抗生素surgical-wound给出了因手术后都完成了。用一只豚鼠皮下金黄色葡萄球菌感染模型显示,使用抗生素,伯克之前或之后不久的金黄色葡萄球菌和接种减少皮肤的大小和随之而来的皮肤病变显著延迟和每一个小时,结果口服抗生素损伤越来越大,直到三小时。四小时的组织学一样大小的未经处理的控制animals.19印证这项工作是夏等,用豚鼠模型为研究fragilis.20临床有效性与b .这些观察到的是建立在一个研究LopezMayor波尔克和术中、术后的行政或头孢菌素类在其中有一个显著的降低利率的surgical-wound感染的病人药物perioperatively.21These结果进一步支持在石等选编。谁也发现率最低的surgical-wound感染患者在术前抗生素和显示接收率的伤口感染患者在注射抗生素一个四小时的手术后均显著高于患者术前管理和相同,分别为那些在病人接受任何prophylaxjs.22
时间之间的关系的临床实践和第三抗生素预防感染的发生surgical-wound还没有很好的研究,虽然几个临床试验的建议是有联系的。我们发现,使用抗生素在两小时之前,手术期间与surgical-wound率最低的infection.和logistic-regression分析的结论也支持口服抗生素在这段时间呈负相关,这种感染的发生。病人接受抗生素pro-phylaxis超过三小时,在最初的转手后,有wound-infection切口的3.3%,超过五倍的速度在那些接受抗生素在两个小时的手术(P < 0.0001)。病人在三个小时内收到一封antibiotic.切口感染后的l.4了,几乎三倍的速度在术前定时组(P = 0.12美分)。这些差异显示有危险的增加surgical-wound感染的抗生素,即使是管理的外科手术后不久。在我们的研究中,这一比例高于伤口感染,以每小时后the.手术切口、配套的观察,感染的风险增加,每小时的手术后,直到抗菌防疫管理。