英语作文类型有哪些？
一、提纲类
假设你是李华, 你的美国朋友Tom上个月来到北京学习。七月份你将去北京参加暑期中学生英语演讲比赛 (speech contest), 你在资料搜集、语言运用等方面遇到了困难。请根据以下要点给Tom写一封电子邮件：
1、询问Tom的生活和学习情况；
2、谈谈你的困难并请Tom帮忙；
3、告诉Tom你打算赛后去看他。
注意：
1. 词数：120—150；
2. 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
解析：
作文内容是写电子邮件, 突出了英语学习中语言运用和交际的目的。题目给出语言运用的情境, 还有写作的要点提示, 但注意了所给出的要点仅是文章应包括的内容, 而非具体的语言信息, 所以考生不能逐句翻译。作文为应用文体裁, 内容贴近中学生的日常生活和交际的需求, 因此学生写起来更会有素材, 形式上给出要点但又有相当的写作的自由度，给学生留下一定的想象和创造的空间。
【参考范文】
Dear Tom,
It’s a month since you studied in Beijing. How is everything going with you? I am really happy to have such an unforgettable experience with you here.
I am going to take part in an English speech contest for middle school students in July this summer. I think the chance is of great importance for me. To have a very good performance, I am making preparations for it. However, I still have some trouble in collecting useful materials.
Meanwhile, I find it hard to use English properly. I would appreciate it if you could offer me a hand. I also hope that the great effort I am making will pay off.
You know, I have been missing you since you left, so I hope to see you in Beijing after the English contest. I can’t wait to see you again!
Yours Sincerely,
Li Hua
二、图表类
生活中冲突时有发生。假设你班同学苏华和李江打篮球时发生争执,导致关系紧张。请你结合此事,并根据以下提示,用英语写一篇短文, 向学校英文报“Happy Teens”专栏投稿。
注意
1、对所有要点逐一陈述,适当发挥,不要简单翻译。
2、词数120 左右。开头已经写好,不计入总词数。
3、作文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息,如校名、人名等。
Conflicts with others are common in everyday life.
【思路点拨】
(1)本题为半开放式作文,要求学生介绍事情经过、冲突原因以及避免冲突的做法。在写作中,学生首先应该注意时态的变化。在叙述事情的经过以及冲突原因时，时态应该以一般过去时为主,在谈及避免冲突的做法时应以一般现在时为主。
(2)学生还应注意段落清晰,行文流畅。根据要点提示,作文最好分为三段,第一段介绍事情经过,第二段分析冲突原因,第三段谈论避免冲突的做法,提出建议。
(3)内容要点:①碰撞(bump into) 争执(quarrel) ②关系紧张(tense relationship) 过错(fault) 该受到责备(be to blame) ③过分关注输赢(care too much about winning and losing) ④避免冲突(avoid conflicts) 设身处地为他人着想(put ourselves in others place )
【参考范文】
Conflicts with others are common in everyday life. During the basketball game yesterday afternoon, Su Hua and Li Jiang bumped into each other, trying to catch the ball. Then they started shouting and yelling, and it turned into a horrible quarrel.
To be honest, it was Su’s fault but Li was also to blame—they were not calm enough and both said some really mean things. They cared too much about winning and losing. As a matter of fact, blocking, pushing and bumping are just part of a tough game.
To avoid such conflicts, we should be kind to one another, which is essential to enjoying a harmonious life. It is also a virtue to forgive and forget, especially in such a competitive and stressful society.
Instead of blaming each other, we should communicate more and put ourselves in others place. Don’t be self-centered and try to be considerate. We must learn to handle conflicts calmly and wisely.
三、演讲稿
假设你是星光中学的李华，将参加主题为“Let’s Ride Bicycles”的英语演讲比赛。请撰写一份演讲稿，主要内容包括：
1、目前汽车带来的空气污染和交通堵塞等问题；
2、骑自行车的益处，如节能环保、有利健康等。
参考词汇：低碳生活（low-carbon life）；节能（energy saving）
注意：
1、词数：120词左右；
2、演讲稿开头和结尾已给出，请将其抄写在答题卡上且该部分不计入总词数。
Good morning, everyone,
I am Li Hua from Xingguang Middle School．The topic of my speech is “Let’s Ride Bicycles”．
Thank you!
【参考范文】
Good morning, everyone,
I am Li Hua from Xingguang Middle School. The topic of my speech is “Let’s Ride Bicycles”. As is known to us, air pollution and heavy urban traffic are becoming
increasingly severe mainly due to the overuse of cars. Therefore, it’s high time we chose another better means of transport, that is, cycling.
There are many good reasons to ride bicycles. First of all, compared to cars, bicycles are much cheaper to buy and maintain, and you don’t have all the added costs of fuel, and parking. What’s more, bicycles are more environmentally friendly than cars, because they hardly make noises.
Cycling has become a new trend around the world, a good way of energy saving and low-carbon life. Last but not least, cycling is an excellent way to keep fit and live longer.
By riding bicycles, you can cut down on your risk of heart attacks, high blood pressure and other illnesses. So I think, riding bicycles actually has great effects on us. Let’s ride bicycles from today on!
Thank you!
四、开放式
英语中“please. ” “thank you” “sorry”等礼貌用语具有增进友谊，改善关系、化解矛盾等神奇的力量，因而被称为“magic words”。请以“Magic Power of Polite Words”为题写一篇120词左右的英语作文。体裁不限（叙述文、 评论文、 说论文……）
【参考范文】
Having good manners is seen by many people as a sign of cultural understanding and good taste.
Polite words are one of the examples. When meeting people, saying “Hello” or “How are you” and so on means you are very polite, which will make it easy for you to
communicate with others, which is the result of magic power of polite words. Otherwise, other people will hate getting on with you. And your life will become difficult. Only by saying polite words can you get on well with others.
In a word, it is polite words that will make your life become convenient.
一、解释现象型
解释现象型作文一般要求考生根据考试提纲引出某种现象，然后分析现象产生的原因，阐述其影响，并给出合理的建议。
二、解决问题型
解决问题型作文，要求考生根据考试题目中所反映或提到的问题，提出解决问题的方案或应对措施。此类作文重在考查学生解决问题的能力，因此写作时一定要具体详细地说明解决问题的方法。
三、说明利弊型
说明利弊型作文的标志十分明显，非常容易识别，其要求比较明确，即要求考生比较某事物或现象的利弊，并表明自己的观点。
四、对比选择型
在六级作文中，对比选择型的题目要求非常明确且富有针对性。这类作文一般以问题的形式或两者选一的形式出现，要求考生对两种观点或做法进行比较，然后表明自己的看法，并且给出理由。写这类作文最关键的一点就是在表明个人观点的同时，还要给出支撑观点的充分理由。
五、表达观点类
书面表达旨在测试学生的英语书面表达能力。中考的书面表达是一种指导性写作。试题对写作的目的、对象、体裁及字数都有明确的规定。
英语作文写作注意几方面：
第一，内容方面：了解高考作文常考的话题，结合高中教材，整理背诵一些常考的话题以及这些话题中常见的单词和句子，考试时便可信手拈来，这将大大提高备考的针对性和答题的速度。这样的话题包括：环境保护、身体健康、优良品质、成功智慧、家庭关系、同学关系（合作）、与老师的关系、外出活动、校园生活、社会问题、科技、文化与跨文化交流等等。各地试卷和全国卷对这些话题各有侧重，在高考最后复习阶段，应根据本地高考真题和当年的模拟题有针对性地加以准备。
第二，语言方面：掌握最容易操作的单词、句子、段落三个层次上的写作技巧，每学到一个新知识点，想想能否在作文中将它使用出来。
第三，结构方面：我们坚决反对“模板式”地生搬硬套，但提倡用合乎英语语言习惯和阅卷教师喜好的“套路”自己打造针对每篇文章的个性化模板。
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