定语从句的省略有哪些原则?
定语从句的省略有关系词省略和主谓省略。关系词省略的原则有:关系代词作宾语时的省略当关系代词who,whom,which和that在定语从句中用作动词宾语或介词位于句末时的介词宾语时,可以省略等。
1、关系代词作宾语时的省略。
当关系代词who, whom, which和that在定语从句中用作动词宾语或介词位于句末时的介词宾语时,可以省略。如:
Is there anything (which) you wanted?想要什么东西吗?
Who is the man (that / who / whom) you were talking to?刚才和你讲话的人是谁?
2、关系代词作表语时的省略。
当关系代词that在定语从句中用作表语时,可以省略。如:
China is not the country (that) it was.中国已不是过去的中国了。(that作表语)
3、关系副词when的省略。
用作时间状语的关系副词when通常不能省略,但有一种特殊情况,即用于day, year, time等少数几个词后时可以省略(也可换成that)。如:
That was the year (that) I first went abroad.就是那一年我第一次出国了。
I'll never forget the day (that) we met.我永远也忘不了我们见面的那一天。
4、关系副词where的省略。
用作地点状语的关系副词where通常不能省略,但有一种特殊情况,即用于place, somewhere, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere少数几个词后时可以省略(也可换成that)。如:
This is the place (where) they met yesterday.这就是他们昨天碰头的地方。
Have you somewhere (that) I can lie down for an hour?你有没有一个什么地方可以让我躺一个小时?
5、关系副词why的省略。
关系副词why通常只用于the reason后引导定语从句,且通常可换成that或for which,均可省略。如:
That's the reason (why, for whih, that) he came.这就是他来的原因。