新概念英语第二册第7课课文详解及语法解析
课文详注 Further notes on the text
1.…detectives were waiting at the airport all morning. ……侦探们在机场等了整整一上午。
all 一般直接加表示时间的单数名词构成副词短语,如:all day (整整一天),all night(整夜),all week(整星期),all winter(整个冬天),all year(整年)等。但不说all hour。
whole在表达同样的意思时一般要加冠词或数词,如:a whole day/ year(一整天/年),two whole weeks(整整两星期)。
2.…someone had told the police that thieves would try to steal the diamonds. ……有人向警方报告,说有人企图偷走这些钻石 。
that后面的部分为动词tell的宾语从句。从句中的时态为过去将来时(would)。
3.When the plane arrived, some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building while others were waiting on the airfield. 当飞机到达时,一些侦探等候在主楼内,另一些侦探则守候在停机坪上。
(1)这个长句子由3个部分组成:when引导的是整个句子的时间状语从句;some of…building为主句;while 引导的是动作与主句的动作同时进行的时间状语从句。while作为连词表示“和……同时”、“当……时候”时常常引导一个过去进行时从句。(cf. 本课语法)
(2)地点状语 on the airfield 与第一句中的 at the airport 意义相近。注意介词on和at的不同搭配。
(3)代词others常常和some连用,表示“有些(人)……,也有些(人)……”或者“有的……,其余的……”:
Some students are very hard-working, others are not.
有些学生非常用功,有些则不然。
Some of the novels are interesting, (the) others are not.
在这些小说中,有些很有趣,其他的则不然。
4.keep guard 守望,警戒
与 stand guard(站岗,放哨)意思相近:
Two thieves kept guard around the house while the others entered it.
两个小偷在屋子外面守着,其他的则进了屋。
They kept a close guard over the thieves.
他们对小偷们严加看管。
5.to their surprise 令他们吃惊的是
这个短语中的所有格形容词their也可以换成其他所有格形容词:(much) to my/ his surprise, to our surprise 等。一般不说 to your surprise。
语法 Grammar in use
1.过去进行时(The past progressive tense)
构成:be的过去式+现在分词(注意现在分词的构成)
(1)过去进行时主要表示过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。过去进行时和一般过去时经常同在一个句子里使用。过去进行时表示过去正在进行的动作或情况,一般过去时则表示比较短暂的动作或事件。正在进行中的动作或情况往往由连词 when, while, as, just as等引导:
While/ When/ As I was sweeping the floor, I found your pen.
我扫地的时候,发现了你的钢笔。
while通常只引导持续时间较长的动作,并且主句和从句可以同时用过去进行时,而when和as一般不这么用:
John was watching TV while his wife was talking with a neighbour over the phone.
当他的妻子和一位邻居在电话中聊天时,约翰一直在看电视。
Some students were dancing and singing while others were eating and drinking.
有些学生在唱歌跳舞,而另一些则在吃喝。
Just as I was opening the front door, the telephone rang.
我正开前门的时候,电话铃响了。
Just as I was leaving the house, you came in.
你进来的时候我正要出门。
when也可以引导比较短暂的动作,while和as则一般不行:
We were having supper when the lights went out.
我们正在吃晚饭时灯灭了。
2)过去进行时往往与表示一段时间的状语连用,如all morning, all night, all day, all evening, the whole week等,表示这段时间一直在干什么:
They were preparing for the party for two whole days.
整整两天他们一直在为晚会进行准备。
2.短语动词中的小品词(The particles)
在上一课的语法中已经提到,许多动词加上介词或副词后就会改变词义。这些介词和副词通常被称为小品词。它们没有词形变化。有些小品词既可以作介词又可以作副词。判断一个小品词是副词还是介词要看小品词有没有带宾语。有宾语的是介词,没有宾语的是副词。介词的位置相对固定些:
I am looking for Tim.
我在找蒂姆。(for为介词,位置不能变动)
She looked after the baby.
她照顾那孩子。(after为介词)
He put the fire/ it out.
他灭了火。(out为副词)
Mother woke the children/ them up.
母亲把孩子们叫醒了。(up为副词)
She took the picture/ it down.
她把画取了下来。(down为副词)
Please turn the radio/ it off.
请把收音机关掉。(off为副词)
He turned it on.
约翰打开了电视。(on为副词)
Put the cake on the table.
把蛋糕放在桌上。(on为介词)
She is walking up the hill.
她正向山上走去。(up为介词)