Question

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DAMS WITH ROCKFILL SHELLS
An example of a need for stress measurement could be the case where a dam has a steep sided soft core and a relatively stiffer shell. With differential settlement between core and shell material it is possible that the core could "hang up" on the shell. If this occurs, it could tend to unweight the lower portions of the core. This will reduce the overburden pressure (and thus lateral pressure) toward the bottom of the core. If the hydraulic pressures are great enough, hydraulic fracture of the core could occur, raising the potential for piping of the core. This would be a situation where lateral stress in the lower portions of the core could be measured using a self-boring pressuremeter drilled down from the crest. A self-boring pressuremeter can also be used to measure lateral stress beside conduits and retaining walls.
11.3.5 RESPONSE TO SEISMIC LOADING
MONITORING SEISMIC RESPONSE IN EMBANKMENT DAMS
In general, only major structures, and usually only structures in areas of moderate to high seismic activity are seismically monitored. Agencies such as the USGS and the California Division of Mines and Geology contract for installation and maintenance of strong motion instruments at dams. The advantages of this arrangement to dam owners are to avoid highly specialized installation and operation and maintenance and processing acceleration records obtained. Seismic monitoring of a dam generally serves two purposes. Seismic monitoring provides a design verification of expected versus actual performance during seismic event. Seismic monitoring also adds to the database of knowledge of how dams perform under seismic loading, making future designs safer.

Answer 1

大坝和坝贝壳
一个例子是需要应力测量可以这样的情形,有一个陡峭的水坝的核心和相对柔软钱生强硬的外壳。与沉降量之间的核心和壳材料也可能会“挂上“核心的外壳。如果这种情况发生时,它会倾向于unweight较低的部份的核心。这将减少压力(从而荧光屏侧向压力)向底部的核心。如果液压压力大、液压断裂的发生,提高核心的潜在问题的核心。对于管道这将是一种情况下的侧向应力的部分核心能够使用self-boring钻了一些。一个self-boring压力表也可以用来测量管道侧向应力挡土墙旁边。
11.3.5应对地震荷载
在土石坝监测地震响应的影响
一般来说,主要的结构,通常只能结构的区域地震活动适中,地震监测。机构如美国地质勘探局和加利福尼亚的合同和地质矿山的安装与维护强运动仪器在水坝。这个安排的优势,以避免坝体所有者高度专业的安装、操作和维护和处理加速。记录,地震监测的一般是两个目的。地震监测提供了一个设计验证的预期与实际表现在地震活动。地震监测也加到数据库的知识坝进行地震作用下,使未来的设计更安全。