翻译英语句子的技巧
3个回答
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英语基本句型
一英语基本句型-1主系表结构/S (主）+ V（谓）（lv)( 系动词）+ P（表）
本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。系动词有:
1.表示特征和存在状态的：be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound; 2.表示状态延续的：remain, stay, keep, continue, stand; 3.表示状态变化的：become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow; 如：Our English teacher is thirty years old. The cake tastes delicious. We feel used to living in big cities. The potatoes went bad in the fields. Their boss seems satisfied with the work. Deep water stays still. 巩固练习1：
1．冬季白天短，夜晚长
2．十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。 3．孩子们很少保持安静。
4．她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。 5．他失业了。
二英语基本句型-2主谓结构/S(主）+ Vi（不及物动词）（谓） 本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成, 常用来表示主语的动作。 如：The sun rises. Tom has already left. 主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语。 如：1. The red sun rises in the east. 2. So they had to travel by air or boat. 3.We got up early so as to catch the first bus. 4. She sat there alone, reading a novel. 5. He came back when we were eating.
6.Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up. 巩固练习2： 1．她昨天回家很晚。 2．会议将持续两个小时。
3．在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大 4．1919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。 5．每天八时开始上课。
三英语基本句型-3主谓宾结构/S (主）+ Vt （及物动词）（谓）+ O（宾）
本结构是由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语构成。宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。 如：1. Tom made a hole in the wall. 2. I don’t know if he can come tomorrow. 3. They haven’t decided where to go next.
5. It took them ten years to build the dam. 7. Mother promises to give me a present. 巩固练习3：
1．昨晚我写了一封信。 2．今天下午我想同你谈谈。 3．这本书他读过多次了。 4．他们成功地完成了计划。 5．那位先生能流利地说三种语言。
四英语基本句型4 双宾语结构/S (主)+VT（谓）+ InO（间接宾）+ DO（直接宾） 说明：此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）”组成。 如：He brings me cookies every day.
但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for。 如：He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me.
用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。 用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。
常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等；
（需借助for 的）buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。 巩固练习4：
1．Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。 2．奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。 3．请把那本字典递给我好吗？ 4．他把车票给列车员看。 5．我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？
五英语基本句型5 复合宾语结构/S (主）+ VT（谓）+ O（宾）+ O C（宾补）
说明: 此结构由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。 如：The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing. You must get your hair cut. They made Tom monitor.
He used to do his homework with his radio on.
用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。 如：I found it very pleasant to be with your family. 巩固练习5： 1．我们叫她Alice.
2．我们大家都认为他是诚实的。 3．他们把小偷释放了。
4．我要你把真相告诉我。 5 .卫兵命令我们立即离开。 六英语基本句型6 There be 句型
说明： 此句型是由“there+be+主语+状语”构成，用以表达存在关系可以称“……有……”。它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际语意。 此句型有时不用be动词，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等。 如：There stands a hill in the middle of the park. Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town. Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如： 现在有 there is/are … 过去有 there was/were…
将来有 there will be…；there is /are going to be... 现在已经有 there has/have been… 可能有 there might be...
肯定有 there must be …/there must have been... 过去曾经有 there used to be …
似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be … 碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be … 巩固练习6：
1．这个村子过去只有一口井。
2．客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。 3．天气预报说下午有大风。 4．灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。 5．战前这儿一直有家电影院的.
课文句子翻译练习：
1. 他们正在面对面地交谈。(face)
_______________________________________________________________. 2. 根据约翰说的, 下周将有一次会议。(according)
________________________________________________________________. 3. 他早起为了赶头班车。 (in order to)
________________________________________________________________. 4. 你和你的同学相处得怎么样? (get along with)
_______________________________________________________________. 5. 我们对他的安全都很关切。 (concern)
_______________________________________________________________. 6. 你是否需要一个你可以无话不谈的朋友?
____________________________________________________________________. 7. 你近况如何?
_____________________________________________________________________. 8. 我们成为好朋友已十年了。
_____________________________________________________________________. 9. 我还没来得及回答他的第一个问题, 他又问了一个问题。
_____________________________________________________________________. 10. 我像大部分人那样记日记。
____________________________________________________________________. 英语基本句型练习答案
巩固练习答案1：1．In winter, the days are short and the nights are long. 2．At the age of fifteen, he became a famous pianist. 3．Children seldom keep quiet.
4．Her job is to look after the children in the nursery. 5．He is out of work.
巩固练习答案2：1. She went home very late yesterday evening. 2. The meeting will last two hours.
3. Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years. 4. The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919.
5. Classes begin at eight every day.
巩固练习答案3：1. I wrote a letter last night. 2. I want to talk with you this afternoon. 3. He has read this book many times. 4. They have carried out the plan successfully. 5. That gentleman can speak three languages fluently. 巩固练习答案4：1.Mr Johnson taught us German last year. 2.Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 3.Would you please pass me the dictionary? 4.He showed the ticket to the conductor. 5.Shall I call you a taxi? 巩固练习答案5： 1.We call her Alice.
2.All of us considered him honest. 3.They have set the thief free. 4.I want you to tell me the truth.
5.The guards ordered us to leave at once.
巩固练习答案6：1.There was only a well in the village.
2.Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen. 3.The weatherman says there’ll be a strong wind in the afternoon. 4.The light is on. There must be someone ion the office.
5.There used to be a cinema here before the war.
课文句子翻译练习答案：1. They are talking face to face./ They are having a face-to face talk.
2. According to John, there is going to be a meeting next week. 3. He got up early in order to catch the first bus. 4. How are you getting along with your classmates? 5. We are all concerned about his safety.
6. Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to? 7. How are you getting along / on recently? 8. We have been good friends for ten years.
9. He asked a second question before I could answer the first one. 10. I keep a diary as most people do.
4. She stopped teaching English two years ago.
满意请好评，谢谢
一英语基本句型-1主系表结构/S (主）+ V（谓）（lv)( 系动词）+ P（表）
本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。系动词有:
1.表示特征和存在状态的：be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound; 2.表示状态延续的：remain, stay, keep, continue, stand; 3.表示状态变化的：become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow; 如：Our English teacher is thirty years old. The cake tastes delicious. We feel used to living in big cities. The potatoes went bad in the fields. Their boss seems satisfied with the work. Deep water stays still. 巩固练习1：
1．冬季白天短，夜晚长
2．十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。 3．孩子们很少保持安静。
4．她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。 5．他失业了。
二英语基本句型-2主谓结构/S(主）+ Vi（不及物动词）（谓） 本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成, 常用来表示主语的动作。 如：The sun rises. Tom has already left. 主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语。 如：1. The red sun rises in the east. 2. So they had to travel by air or boat. 3.We got up early so as to catch the first bus. 4. She sat there alone, reading a novel. 5. He came back when we were eating.
6.Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up. 巩固练习2： 1．她昨天回家很晚。 2．会议将持续两个小时。
3．在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大 4．1919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。 5．每天八时开始上课。
三英语基本句型-3主谓宾结构/S (主）+ Vt （及物动词）（谓）+ O（宾）
本结构是由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语构成。宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。 如：1. Tom made a hole in the wall. 2. I don’t know if he can come tomorrow. 3. They haven’t decided where to go next.
5. It took them ten years to build the dam. 7. Mother promises to give me a present. 巩固练习3：
1．昨晚我写了一封信。 2．今天下午我想同你谈谈。 3．这本书他读过多次了。 4．他们成功地完成了计划。 5．那位先生能流利地说三种语言。
四英语基本句型4 双宾语结构/S (主)+VT（谓）+ InO（间接宾）+ DO（直接宾） 说明：此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）”组成。 如：He brings me cookies every day.
但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for。 如：He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me.
用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。 用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。
常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等；
（需借助for 的）buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。 巩固练习4：
1．Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。 2．奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。 3．请把那本字典递给我好吗？ 4．他把车票给列车员看。 5．我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？
五英语基本句型5 复合宾语结构/S (主）+ VT（谓）+ O（宾）+ O C（宾补）
说明: 此结构由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。 如：The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing. You must get your hair cut. They made Tom monitor.
He used to do his homework with his radio on.
用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。 如：I found it very pleasant to be with your family. 巩固练习5： 1．我们叫她Alice.
2．我们大家都认为他是诚实的。 3．他们把小偷释放了。
4．我要你把真相告诉我。 5 .卫兵命令我们立即离开。 六英语基本句型6 There be 句型
说明： 此句型是由“there+be+主语+状语”构成，用以表达存在关系可以称“……有……”。它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际语意。 此句型有时不用be动词，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等。 如：There stands a hill in the middle of the park. Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town. Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如： 现在有 there is/are … 过去有 there was/were…
将来有 there will be…；there is /are going to be... 现在已经有 there has/have been… 可能有 there might be...
肯定有 there must be …/there must have been... 过去曾经有 there used to be …
似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be … 碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be … 巩固练习6：
1．这个村子过去只有一口井。
2．客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。 3．天气预报说下午有大风。 4．灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。 5．战前这儿一直有家电影院的.
课文句子翻译练习：
1. 他们正在面对面地交谈。(face)
_______________________________________________________________. 2. 根据约翰说的, 下周将有一次会议。(according)
________________________________________________________________. 3. 他早起为了赶头班车。 (in order to)
________________________________________________________________. 4. 你和你的同学相处得怎么样? (get along with)
_______________________________________________________________. 5. 我们对他的安全都很关切。 (concern)
_______________________________________________________________. 6. 你是否需要一个你可以无话不谈的朋友?
____________________________________________________________________. 7. 你近况如何?
_____________________________________________________________________. 8. 我们成为好朋友已十年了。
_____________________________________________________________________. 9. 我还没来得及回答他的第一个问题, 他又问了一个问题。
_____________________________________________________________________. 10. 我像大部分人那样记日记。
____________________________________________________________________. 英语基本句型练习答案
巩固练习答案1：1．In winter, the days are short and the nights are long. 2．At the age of fifteen, he became a famous pianist. 3．Children seldom keep quiet.
4．Her job is to look after the children in the nursery. 5．He is out of work.
巩固练习答案2：1. She went home very late yesterday evening. 2. The meeting will last two hours.
3. Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years. 4. The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919.
5. Classes begin at eight every day.
巩固练习答案3：1. I wrote a letter last night. 2. I want to talk with you this afternoon. 3. He has read this book many times. 4. They have carried out the plan successfully. 5. That gentleman can speak three languages fluently. 巩固练习答案4：1.Mr Johnson taught us German last year. 2.Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 3.Would you please pass me the dictionary? 4.He showed the ticket to the conductor. 5.Shall I call you a taxi? 巩固练习答案5： 1.We call her Alice.
2.All of us considered him honest. 3.They have set the thief free. 4.I want you to tell me the truth.
5.The guards ordered us to leave at once.
巩固练习答案6：1.There was only a well in the village.
2.Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen. 3.The weatherman says there’ll be a strong wind in the afternoon. 4.The light is on. There must be someone ion the office.
5.There used to be a cinema here before the war.
课文句子翻译练习答案：1. They are talking face to face./ They are having a face-to face talk.
2. According to John, there is going to be a meeting next week. 3. He got up early in order to catch the first bus. 4. How are you getting along with your classmates? 5. We are all concerned about his safety.
6. Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to? 7. How are you getting along / on recently? 8. We have been good friends for ten years.
9. He asked a second question before I could answer the first one. 10. I keep a diary as most people do.
4. She stopped teaching English two years ago.
满意请好评，谢谢
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句子是文章的基础，只有写好了句子才可能写好作文。要翻译好英语句子，需要掌握好英语的句子成分、简单句基本句型、并列句、复合句等句子相关基础知识。然后运用所学知识练习多练，多读，多背。当然首先要懂得单词的意思，不懂单词可以到海词上查询，学习必备的工具。
翻译技巧--切分与合并
一、切分
英语中长句较多, 句中修饰语多且长，使句子结构复杂，所以英译汉时，不能照样克隆复制，而是得根据汉语语法的特点，灵活处理。切分就是一种常用的方法，是指把英语中的长句分解成两个或两个以上的句子。它常包括单词分译、短语分译和句子分译等三种情况。
（一）单词分译
单词分译是指把原文中的一个单词拆译成一个小句或者句子。采用单词分译主要有两个目的：一是为了句法上的需要。由于一些单词在搭配、词义等方面的特点，直译会使句子生硬晦涩，翻译腔十足，而把某个单词分译却能使句子通顺，且不损伤原意。二是为了修饰上的需要，如加强语气，突出重点等。英语中的名词、动词、形容词和副词等都可分译。
（二）短语分译
短语分译是指把原文中的一个短语分译成一个句子。名词短语、分词短语、介词短语等有时都可以分译成句。
（三）句子分译
句子分译可以分为简单句的分译、并列复合句的分译、主从复合句的分译以及其他情况的分译。
二、合并
一般说来，英语句子要比汉语句子长，英译汉时切分用得较多；但是较口语化的英语句子也比较短，英译汉时有时也得用合并。
翻译技巧--切分与合并
一、切分
英语中长句较多, 句中修饰语多且长，使句子结构复杂，所以英译汉时，不能照样克隆复制，而是得根据汉语语法的特点，灵活处理。切分就是一种常用的方法，是指把英语中的长句分解成两个或两个以上的句子。它常包括单词分译、短语分译和句子分译等三种情况。
（一）单词分译
单词分译是指把原文中的一个单词拆译成一个小句或者句子。采用单词分译主要有两个目的：一是为了句法上的需要。由于一些单词在搭配、词义等方面的特点，直译会使句子生硬晦涩，翻译腔十足，而把某个单词分译却能使句子通顺，且不损伤原意。二是为了修饰上的需要，如加强语气，突出重点等。英语中的名词、动词、形容词和副词等都可分译。
（二）短语分译
短语分译是指把原文中的一个短语分译成一个句子。名词短语、分词短语、介词短语等有时都可以分译成句。
（三）句子分译
句子分译可以分为简单句的分译、并列复合句的分译、主从复合句的分译以及其他情况的分译。
二、合并
一般说来，英语句子要比汉语句子长，英译汉时切分用得较多；但是较口语化的英语句子也比较短，英译汉时有时也得用合并。
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last month we asked our students about their free time activities.
上个月，我们问了我们的学生们一些关于他们在课余时间做些什么活动的问题。
here are the results.
这里就是（调查的）结果：
although many students like to watch sports ,
尽管有许多学生喜欢看体育比赛
game shows are the most popular.
但是，最流行的，还是看电视游戏节目。
it is goos to relax by using the internet or watching game shows.
上网或者看电视游戏节目，是一种很好的放松方式
we think the best way to relax is through exercise.
我们认为，最好的放松方式其实是进行锻炼。
it is healthy for the mind and the body.
锻炼能使得人们身心健康。
so start exercising before it's too late.
所以，在还不算太晚之前，开始运动吧。
上个月，我们问了我们的学生们一些关于他们在课余时间做些什么活动的问题。
here are the results.
这里就是（调查的）结果：
although many students like to watch sports ,
尽管有许多学生喜欢看体育比赛
game shows are the most popular.
但是，最流行的，还是看电视游戏节目。
it is goos to relax by using the internet or watching game shows.
上网或者看电视游戏节目，是一种很好的放松方式
we think the best way to relax is through exercise.
我们认为，最好的放松方式其实是进行锻炼。
it is healthy for the mind and the body.
锻炼能使得人们身心健康。
so start exercising before it's too late.
所以，在还不算太晚之前，开始运动吧。
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