Question

关于议论文的优美段落有那些

Answer 1

议论文的优美段落比较有名的是培根的《论读书》，例如：
读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，论理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩：凡有所学，皆成性格。

原文：
读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其博彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹、全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。
　　读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接；而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。
　　有一技之长鄙读书，无知者慕读书，唯明智之士用读书，然读书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。读书时不可存心诘难作者，不可尽信书上所言，亦不可只为寻章摘句，而应推敲细思。
　　书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之，有只须读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。书亦可请人代读，取其所作摘要，但只限题材较次或价值不高者，否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏，淡而五味矣。
　　读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。因此不常做笔记者须记忆特强，不常讨论者须天生聪颖，不常读书者须欺世有术，始能无知而显有知。
　　读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，论理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩：凡有所学，皆成性格。人之才智但有滞碍，无不可读适当之书使之顺畅，一如身体百病，皆可借相宜之运动除之。滚球利睾肾，射箭利胸肺，慢步利肠胃，骑术利头脑，诸如此类。如智力不集中，可令读数学，盖演算须全神贯注，稍有分散即须重演；如不能辨异，可令读经院哲学，盖是辈皆吹毛求疵之人；如不善求同，不善以一物阐证另一物，可令读律师之案卷。如此头脑中凡有缺陷，皆有特药可医。

【原文】
Of Studies

——Francis Bacon
　　Studies serve for delight, for ornament,
and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring;
for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and
disposition of business. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of
particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling
of affairs come best from those that are learned.
　　To spend too much time in
studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament is affection; to make
judgment wholly by their rules is the humor of a scholar. They perfect nature
and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants,
that need pruning by study, and studies themselves do give forth directions too
much at large, except they be bounded in by experience.
　　Crafty men contemn
studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them, for they teach not their
own use; but that is a wisdom without them and above them, won by observation.
Read not to contradict and confuse; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to
find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider.
　　Some books are to be
tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is
some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously;
and some few to be ready wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books
also may be read by deputy and extracts made of them by others; but that would
be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books; else
distilled books are, like common distilled waters, flashy things.
　　Reading
makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And
therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer
little, he had need have a present wit; and if he read little, he had need have
much cunning to seem to know that he doth not.
　　Histories make men wise;
poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic
and rhetoric able to contend.
　　Abeunt studia in mores. Nay there is no
stond or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies: like as
diseases of the body may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for the
stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the
stomach; riding for the head; and the like. So if a man’s wit be wandering, let
him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away
never so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or
find differences, let him study the schoolmen; for they are cymini sectores. If
he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove and
illustrate another, let him study the lawyers’ cases. So every defect of the
mind may have a special receipt.

Answer 2

1．人生价值评价的根本尺度，是看一个人的人生活动是否符合社会发展的客观规律，是否通过实践促进了历史的进步。
2．人生价值评价的基本尺度，是劳动以及通过劳动对社会和他人做出的贡献，这是社会评价一个人的人生价值的普遍标准。
人是社会的人，总是生存和活动于各种各样的社会关系当中，并受到一定社会关系的制约。在实际生活当中，人们会选择自己的人生道路、通过一定的方式实现自己的人生目的，以独特的思想和行为赋予生活实践以个性特征。不过，任何个体的人生意义只能建立在一定的社会关系和社会条件基础之上，并在社会中得以实现。离开一定的社会基础，个人就不能作为人而存在，当然也无法创造人生价值。人的社会性决定了人生的社会价值是人生价值的最基本内容。一个人的生活具有什么样的价值，从根本上说是由社会所规定的，而社会对于一个人的价值评判，也主要是以他对社会所做的贡献为标准。个体对社会和他人的生存和发展贡献越大，其人生的社会价值也就越大，反之，人生的社会价值就越小。如果个体的人生活动对社会和他人的生存和发展不仅没有贡献，反而起到某种反作用，那么，这种人生的社会价值就表现为负价值。