高数微分方程的一道题,y"-y'^2=1,求方程的通解。
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解:设y'=p,则y''=pdp/dy
代入原方程,得pdp/dy-p²=1
==>pdp/(1+p²)=dy
==>d(1+p²)/(1+p²)=2dy
==>ln(1+p²)=2y+ln(C1²)
(C1是积分常数)
==>1+p²=C1e^(2y)
==>p=±√[C1²e^(2y)-1]
==>dy/√[C1²e^(2y)-1]=±dx
==>e^(-y)dy/√[C1²-e^(-2y)]=±dx
==>d[e^(-y)]/√[C1²-e^(-2y)]=±dx
==>arcsin[e^(-y)/C1]=C2±x
(C2是积分常数)
==>e^(-y)=C1sin(C2±x)
故原方程的通解是e^(-y)=C1sin(C2±x)
(C1,C2是积分常数)。
代入原方程,得pdp/dy-p²=1
==>pdp/(1+p²)=dy
==>d(1+p²)/(1+p²)=2dy
==>ln(1+p²)=2y+ln(C1²)
(C1是积分常数)
==>1+p²=C1e^(2y)
==>p=±√[C1²e^(2y)-1]
==>dy/√[C1²e^(2y)-1]=±dx
==>e^(-y)dy/√[C1²-e^(-2y)]=±dx
==>d[e^(-y)]/√[C1²-e^(-2y)]=±dx
==>arcsin[e^(-y)/C1]=C2±x
(C2是积分常数)
==>e^(-y)=C1sin(C2±x)
故原方程的通解是e^(-y)=C1sin(C2±x)
(C1,C2是积分常数)。
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