直接引语和间接引语的区别与用法
1.直接引语是陈述句,变成间接引语时,由连词that 引导.例如:
She said,“I am very happy to be with you.” →She said (that) she was very happy to be with me.
He said,“I will choose a book for my students.” →He said(that)he would choose a book for his students.
2.直接引语是一般疑问句时,变成间接引语,由连词whether或if 引导.例如:
He asked me,“Do you like watching TV?”→He asked me if/whether I liked watching TV.
He asked,“Are you sure your mother will come?”→He asked me whether / if I was sure my mother would come.
注意:大多数情况下,if和whether 在引导宾语从句时可以互换,但后紧跟or not时,一般只用whether.例如:
She asked me whether or not he could do the work./ She asked me whether he could do the work or not.
3.直接引语是特殊疑问句,变成间接引语时,由相应的连接词who,whom,what,whose,how,when,why,where 等引导.例如:
He asked:“Where are you to get off,John?” →He asked John where he was to get off.
My sister asked me,“How do you like the play?”→My sister asked me how I liked the play.
Tom asked me,“Who is the boy over there?”→Tom asked me,“Who was the boy over there?”
4.直接引语是祈使句,其间接引语由主语+动词ask(委婉语气),tell(一般语气),order (命令语气)或warn,advise等+复合宾语(名/代词+动词不定式)构成.如:
He said,“Please come here again tomorrow.”→He asked me to go there again the next day.
“Be careful with the dog.”→He warned me to be careful with the dog.
5.直接引语变间接引语时,如果引述动词为过去式,需注意时态的变化:如:
1) Betty said,“Lingling is singing in the classroom now.” 现在进行时→
Betty said Lingling was singing in the class room then.-过去进行时
2) He said,“I will go to London next week.” 一般将来时→
He said he would go to London next week.过去将来时
3) My mother said,“I have already cleaned the house.” 现在完成时→
My mother said she had already cleaned the house.过去完成时
注意:
1.直接引语是客观事实、普遍真理等,主句尽管是过去时态,变成间接引语时,时态仍然用一般现在时态.例如:
They told their son,“The earth goes round the sun.”→They told their son that the earth goes round the sun.
2.直接引语变间接引语时,指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、动词等要作相应的变化.如:this→that,these→those,now→then,today→that day,yesterday→the day before,last year→the year before,ago→before,here→there come→go等.例如:
He said,“I haven’t seen them today.” →He said that he hadn’t seen them that day.
但是,如果转述时对话人双方就在原来的地方,或在说话的当天,就不必改变相应的时间状语、地点状语等.总之,对这些变化不能机械理解,应根据实际情况来决定所作的变化.
3.间接引语一般要用陈述句的语序,即主、谓、宾的顺序.
直接引语和间接引语是语言学中的两个重要概念,它们在口语和书面语中都有广泛的应用。本文将从概念、区别和用法三个方面详细介绍直接引语和间接引语。
一、概念
直接引语是指直接引述别人的原话,用引号包括在句子中,例如:“我明天要去旅游。”这句话中,“我明天要去旅游”就是直接引语。
间接引语是指用自己的话转述别人的原话,不用引号包括在句子中,例如:他说他明天要去旅游。这句话中,“他说”是引导词,而“他明天要去旅游”是间接引语。
二、区别
形式上不同
语法上不同
语气上不同
直接引语的用法
“我不喜欢吃辣的。”
“你在干什么?”
“哇,好漂亮的花!”
笑话杂谈:小明说:“我喜欢吃苹果,因为吃苹果可以保持健康。”
引用资料:根据报告中的数据,“全球气温正在上升,人类活动是主要原因之一。”
间接引语的用法
据悉,李先生表示他将会在明年退休。
研究发现,学生们普遍认为课程设置过于繁琐,对于学习效果并没有帮助。
我曾经听到一个故事,那个人说他曾经去过一个神秘的地方,那里有美丽的湖泊和高耸的山峰。
直接引语用引号包括在句子中,而间接引语不用引号。
直接引语是原话的直接呈现,可以是陈述句、疑问句或感叹句等,而间接引语是将原话转述成陈述句。
直接引语更加真实、生动,语气更强烈,而间接引语则更加客观、中立。
三、用法
直接引语通常用于口语和对话中,可以表达说话人的直接意愿、情感和态度等。在书面语中,直接引语也可以用于引用别人的话语、引用资料、引用文献等。
例如:
直接引语用于口语和对话:
直接引语用于书面语:
间接引语通常用于书面语中,可以用来引述别人的观点、意见、想法等。间接引语常常出现在新闻报道、学术论文、文章中等。
例如:
间接引语用于新闻报道:
间接引语用于学术论文:
间接引语用于文章:
总之,直接引语和间接引语在语言学中是两个重要的概念,它们在口语和书面语中都有广泛的应用。在使用时需要根据具体情况灵活运用,以达到更好的表达效果。