Question

急求翻译论文，拜托

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论文题目：economic reform and household welfare in rural china :from household surveydata. 作者： Sarmistha pal
摘要： Existing studies highlight the uncertainty about changes in living standards in China's transition to market economy. Using household data from Jiangsu and Sichuan provinces, we examine the significance of demographic characteristics on rural house-hold welfare which has generally been overlooked in the existing literature. Three sets of results are reported here: (i) estimates of total land allocated per household suggests that household marginal share of land is higher for a resident adult compared to a child or an old and lower for non-resident members or members engaged in non-farm activities.(ii) Regular adjustment of land to changing demographic composition generates a lack of security of tenure in land as well as an impetus for the growth of rural non-farm activities as reflected in the estimates of household per capita income and expenditure: an additional resident or non-resident adult, engaged in non-farm activities enhances rural household welfare while an additional child or old member lowers it, which also reflects the deterioration in the provision of social services. (iii) Probit analysis of poverty status based on poverty-level income suggests that the poor are likely to be those households with more children or old members and also those primarily depending on farm activities. In a situation of changing demographic patterns and a changing balance between rural farm and non-farm employment prospects, there is a need to identify the poor and the vulnerable adequately so that the latter do not have to bear the brunt of the reform.

Answer 1

现有的研究突出了关于在中国过渡到市场经济的生活水平变化的不确定性。使用来自江苏，四川等省的家庭数据，我们考察了农村的房子保持福利，已普遍在现有文献忽视人口特征的意义。三是报告的结果集在这里：（一）每户分配土地总概算表明，家庭对土地的边际份额是成人高等教育的居民相比，儿童或老非居民参与的成员或在非成员低农场的活动。（二）土地定期调整，以改变人口结构产生了土地使用权缺乏保障，也是一个对农村非农业活动的增长动力在人均收入和支出户反映于概算：增加居民或非居民的成年人，在非农业活动的农村住户的福利，同时增强了额外的老人，孩子的成员降低它，这也反映在提供社会服务的恶化。 （三）的贫困状况分析的基础上概率贫困一级收入建议穷人可能要与更多的孩子或老人和主要对农场方面的活动也就是那些家庭活动。在一个不断变化的人口模式和农村之间的农业和非农业就业前景的对比变化情况，有必要确定穷人和易受伤害的充分，使后者不必承担改革首当其冲。

Answer 2

题目：中国农村地区的经济改革及家庭福利：来源于家庭调查数据。

摘要：现行的研究使得‘关于中国向市场经济过渡时期的生活标准的不确定性’更显著。通过使用江苏和四川省的家庭数据，我们仔细研究了农村家庭福利人口学特征的重要性,而这些通常在研究文献中被忽略了。
下面是三方面的报告结果：1、对于平均每户拥有的土地总量的估计表明，家庭拥有的边际土地份额对于定居的成年人来说要高于小孩、老人和暂住者以及没有土地的工作者。
2、对土地的常规调整以期改变人口组成，却造成了土地使用的保障缺失。与之相同的。。。。。