用动词不定式做句子的状语,请举例。
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I come here to get my umbrella.
To get good grades, Tom studies hard.
To get good grades, Tom studies hard.
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可是我分不清楚状语和宾语补足语。
追答
状语就是对整个句子或谓语的修饰,而宾语补足语是对宾语的补充说明。
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I come here to get my umbrella.
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英语中的动词不定式具有副词的功能,可以在句子中作状语,表示多种意义。在这里就动词不定式作目的状语进行单独讨论。
一、不定式和不定式短语作目的状语
不定式和不定式短语作目的状语,主要用来修饰动词,表示某一动作或状态的目的。为了使目的意义更加清楚或表示强调意义时,还可以在前面加
in
order
to
或
so
as
to。例如:
i've
written
it
down
in
order
not
to
forget.
he
shouted
and
waved
so
as
to
be
noticed.
在句子中作谓语动词的状语的不定式或不定式短语,表示的是主语的目的,因此,其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。比较:
to
draw
maps
properly,
you
need
a
special
pen.(正)
to
draw
maps
properly,
a
special
pen
is
needed.(误)
由
in
order
to
引导的目的状语,既可以置于句尾,也可以置于句首,而由
so
as
to
引导的目的状语,只能置于句尾,而不能置于句首。比较:
they
started
early
in
order
to
get
there
in
time.(正)
in
order
to
get
there
in
time,
they
started
early.(正)
they
started
early
so
as
to
get
there
in
time.(正)
so
as
to
get
there
in
time,
they
started
early.(误)
二、不定式的复合结构作目的状语
当不定式或不定式短语有自己的执行者时,要用不定式的复合结构(即在不定式或不定式短语之前加
for
+
名词或宾格代词)作状语。例如:
he
opened
the
door
for
the
children
to
come
in.
she
fetched
several
bottles
which
she
placed
on
the
counter
for
harry
to
inspect.
三、目的状语从句与不定式的转换
英语中的目的状语从句,还可以变为不定式或不定式短语作状语,从而使句子在结构上得以简化。可分为两种情况:
1.
当目的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语相同时,可以直接简化为不定式或不定式短语作状语。例如:
we'll
start
early
in
order
that/so
that
we
may
arrive
in
time.
we'll
start
early
in
order
to/so
as
to
arrive
in
time.
2.
当目的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语不相同时,要用动词不定式的复合结构作状语。例如:
i
came
early
in
order
that
you
might
read
my
report
before
the
meeting.
i
came
early
(in
order)
for
you
to
read
my
report
before
the
meeting.
一、不定式和不定式短语作目的状语
不定式和不定式短语作目的状语,主要用来修饰动词,表示某一动作或状态的目的。为了使目的意义更加清楚或表示强调意义时,还可以在前面加
in
order
to
或
so
as
to。例如:
i've
written
it
down
in
order
not
to
forget.
he
shouted
and
waved
so
as
to
be
noticed.
在句子中作谓语动词的状语的不定式或不定式短语,表示的是主语的目的,因此,其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。比较:
to
draw
maps
properly,
you
need
a
special
pen.(正)
to
draw
maps
properly,
a
special
pen
is
needed.(误)
由
in
order
to
引导的目的状语,既可以置于句尾,也可以置于句首,而由
so
as
to
引导的目的状语,只能置于句尾,而不能置于句首。比较:
they
started
early
in
order
to
get
there
in
time.(正)
in
order
to
get
there
in
time,
they
started
early.(正)
they
started
early
so
as
to
get
there
in
time.(正)
so
as
to
get
there
in
time,
they
started
early.(误)
二、不定式的复合结构作目的状语
当不定式或不定式短语有自己的执行者时,要用不定式的复合结构(即在不定式或不定式短语之前加
for
+
名词或宾格代词)作状语。例如:
he
opened
the
door
for
the
children
to
come
in.
she
fetched
several
bottles
which
she
placed
on
the
counter
for
harry
to
inspect.
三、目的状语从句与不定式的转换
英语中的目的状语从句,还可以变为不定式或不定式短语作状语,从而使句子在结构上得以简化。可分为两种情况:
1.
当目的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语相同时,可以直接简化为不定式或不定式短语作状语。例如:
we'll
start
early
in
order
that/so
that
we
may
arrive
in
time.
we'll
start
early
in
order
to/so
as
to
arrive
in
time.
2.
当目的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语不相同时,要用动词不定式的复合结构作状语。例如:
i
came
early
in
order
that
you
might
read
my
report
before
the
meeting.
i
came
early
(in
order)
for
you
to
read
my
report
before
the
meeting.
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