Question

请教几个英语比较句的问题。

请问什么时候than+宾格，什么时候+主格？+主格的时候之后的谓语是否可以省略？

Answer 1

比较状语从句的省略
1) 最高级比较结构中省略，一般有两种，一种是在一定的上下文中省略比较范围；另一种是省略形容词最高级后面的名词中心词，此时可以把形容词最高级看着名词词组中心词。
Who lives nearest to school? 谁住得离校最近？
Which do you think is the prettiest? 你认为哪个最靓丽？
—Six juicy oranges, please.来六杯橘子汁。
—These are our juiciest.这些是我们汁液最浓的。
—I know that kind—they aren’t sweet.我知道那种—它们不甜。
—I’m sorry, they’re the sweetest we’ve got.对不起，它们是我们弄到的最甜的。
2) as…as和more than比较结构中的省略比最高级结构的省略要复杂得多，有如下几种情形：
a)在as/than分句中省略整个谓语部分。
It’s prettier than mine.它比我的更漂亮。
Cast iron is as useful as steel.铸铁跟钢一样有用。
Clara is more ambitious than I/me.克拉拉比我更有大志。
He is as big as any of the other boys.他跟其他任何男孩都一样大。
The house is not so expensive as the otherone.这栋房子没有那栋贵。
He is bigger than the boy we saw yesterday.他比我们昨天见到的那个男孩大。
b) 在as/than分句中省略谓语的一部分。
Wasn’t anybody later than we were? 难道没有人比我们来的更晚？
Mars is farther from the earth than themoon is.火星比月亮离地球更远。
Jane would do it much more quickly than Iwould.简会比我做得更加迅速。
Mary has known Peter better than she has(known) John.玛丽比约翰更了解比特。
The end of the movie wasn’t as good as thebeginning was.电影结尾没有开头好。
She can play the piano just as wonderfullyas you (do).她钢琴弹的我你弹的一样好。
There is a vast vocabulary of technical words,but the problem is not so frightening as it looks.技术词汇量庞大，但问题不像看起来那样可怕。
❶as/than从句中以替代动词do的某种形式代替主句的谓语部分。
George writes as neatly as John does.乔治写字跟约翰一样整洁。
They bought fewer books than the othersdid.他们买的书比别人少。
❷as/than分句的主语和替代词do也可以采取倒装形式。
Nobody did more for education in thiscountry than did the late Mr. Green.没有人比已故格林先生为教育做的事情多。
Some people have no doubt that their catunderstands as many words as does a dog.有些人认为他们的猫跟狗能懂得一样多的话。
c) 在as/than分句中省略了主语和谓语的大部分，只剩下一个修饰成分。
It’s raining harder than ever.雨下的比任何时候都大。
Things are no better than before.事情跟以前好不到哪里去。
The roads are much quieter here than in London.这里的路面比伦敦的安静多了。
It’s a pity the weather isn’t as good aslast time.天气没有上回的好真是太可惜了。
John has a higher opinion of Mary than ofJane.约翰对玛丽的看法比简要高一些。
He is better than (he was) when I lastvisited him.他现在比我上次看望他气色要好些。
d) 下列分词中很难说出具体省略了何种成分。
The coffee here is weaker than I like.这里的咖啡比我喜欢的味道淡。
That is more than the workers could stand.这超出了工人们的承受能力。
It’s far more important than how much itcosts.它远远超出了费用的重要性。
This meat is better than what we had lastweek.这肉比我们上周吃的要好些。
I don’t think this is any better than wherewe live.我认为这没有我们住的地方好。
Although they suffered a serious drought,the harvest was not less than they got the year before.尽管他们遭受严重干旱，但收成并不比他们前年的少。
e) 下列比较分句中既可以说是省略了主语，也可以说as/than充当分句主语。
He drove faster than was wise.他开车快的要命，丧失理性。
The numbers were smaller than expected.数量比预期的小得多。
This hotel is far more luxurious than isnecessary.这家旅馆豪华得住不起。
I don't think this is any better than wasordered.我认为这笔订购好不到哪里去。
The exhibition is more interesting than (itwas) expected .这次展览比被预料的有趣的多。
She has finished the work earlier than (ithas been ) expected.她这项工作比预料的提前完成。
They stood chatting together as easily andnaturally as could be.他们站在一起尽可能轻松、自然的聊天。
Progress with the building of the bridgewas not so good as was expected.大桥的建造没有预想的那样好。
His speech make it clear that in certain respects…progress hasnot been as fast as had been hoped.他的演讲在某些方面把问题阐明清楚了…进步没有希望的那样快。
f) 在特定的上下文中，as/than分句可以整个地被省略。
Green’s beer is lighter.格林的啤酒要轻些。
Flimsey’s underwear costs less.弗莱明夕的内衣不值多少钱。
—I think hisbrother’s nicer.我认为他弟弟还要好。
—Oh no, heisn’t half so successful.噢，不，没他一半成功。
—No, I don’tgo by car so often.不，我不常坐车。
The others worked as hard as John but not so successfully (as John).其他人跟约翰一样卖力但没有约翰成功。
It’s more expensive than it was last time but not as good (as it waslast time).它比上次贵但没有上次的那么好。
g) as/than不可以采取省略形式的场合
上述比较结构都表示同质事物之间的比较，这种比较结构必须采取这种省略模式，不省略是错误的。但是，不同质事物之间的比较，as/than分句通常不可以采取省略形式。
[✔]He is much older than I (am).他比我年龄大多了。
[✘]He is much older than I am old.
[✔]This house is not so expensive as theother one (is).这栋房子没有另一栋贵。
[✘]This house is not so expensive as theother one is expensive.
This bookcase is wider than it is tall.这个箱子宽大于高。
He is not so wise as he is witty.他的明智度不及他的诙谐度。
The girl was as brilliant as she was beautiful.那女孩的才气跟漂亮相匹配。
He did not love his uncle, who was as base and unworthy as hisfather had been upright and honorable.他不爱他叔叔，因为跟他爸爸的一向豁达向上和令人尊敬相比，他卑鄙龌龊。
We believe that the appropriate choice is as important as it isdifficult for the type of student we have in mind.我们认为恰当的选择对于我们心目中的那种类型的学生来说既重要又困难。