Question

英语句子成分分析

你好，英语句子如下：
Many people have married whose chances to do so were much inferior to Miss Martha's.
这句话的翻译是：许多结婚机缘远不如玛莎的人都已经结婚了。
【疑问】whose chances to do so were much inferior to miss martha's这句话我用主谓宾的形式翻译总是翻译不同，请问该如何翻译，涉及到的语法知识都有哪些？
谢谢！

Answer 1

这句话是一个定语从句。
Many people（whose chances to do so were much inferior to Miss Martha's）have married.
句子主干：Many people have married.许多人已经结婚了。
定语部分：whose chances to do so were much inferior to Miss Martha's 他们做这件事（即结婚）的机缘远远不如玛莎
chances为名词，所以由whose充当关系代词。
此部分用来修饰people，所以翻译时要作为定语插入到人的前面。
综上，此句翻译为：许多结婚机缘远远不如玛莎的人已经结婚了。
【补充】定语从句：一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后（先行词）进行修饰限定，所以叫做定语从句。在主句中充当定语成分。
被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况，它需要放在被修饰的词（即先行词）之后。定语从句由关系词（关系代词、关系副词）引导，关系代词、关系副词位于定语从句句首。

追问

非常感谢，我还想请问一下：英语中有很多这种语序调换的情况出现，我还见到过一种句子：an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.这句话是把宾语补足语提前。请问英语中还有哪些情况需要调换位置？有没有具体的情形可以列举的？谢谢！

Answer 2

这个句子如果按正常语序安排，应该是——

• Many people / whosechances to do so were much inferior to Miss Martha's / have married.

可见 whose chances to do sowere much inferior to Miss Martha's 是定语从句，但是这种安排中的主语部分显然比两个词的谓语部分 have married 长得多，是一种外头重脚轻的臃肿结构，为了是句子平衡所以就把定语从句拖后，变成如下的结构：

• 主句：Many people havemarried 许多人已经结婚

• 定语从句：whose chances to doso were much inferior to Miss Martha's.

　　--[主语] whose chances to do so）这些已婚人结婚的机缘【不定式 to do so 是 chances 的后置定语，是 to get married 避免重复的代用形式】

　　-- [谓语部分] were much inferiorto Miss Martha's. 远不如玛莎小姐的（结婚的机缘）【Miss Martha's 是名词所有格，后面省略了前文出现过的 chance to do so】

追问

非常感谢，我还想请问一下：英语中有很多这种语序调换的情况出现，我还见到过一种句子：an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.这句话是把宾语补足语提前。请问英语中还有哪些情况需要调换位置？有没有具体的情形可以列举的？谢谢！

追答

只要记住一个道理，就是只要句子结构中由于某些较长的成分致使句子失去平衡，就可以吧这个成分提前或拖后。如：in fron of a house in the yard grow some trees = some trees grow in fron of a house in the yard 。

Answer 3

Many people have married whose chances to do so were much inferior to Miss Martha's.

整个句子的正常语序是 Many people whose chances to do so were much inferior to Miss Martha's have married.
主句是Many people have married（许多人都结婚了）。
什么样的许多人呢？定语从句whose chances to do so were much inferior to Miss Martha's来修饰many people. to do so 指to get married.
Many people whose chances to do so 指的是：许多有结婚的机会的人，
were much inferior to Miss Martha's 比玛莎的机会要差得多

Many people whose chances to do so were much inferior to Miss Martha's所以就是许多比玛莎的结婚机会要差得多的人，（都结婚了）。
这里为什么要发生位置改变呢？主要是避免头重脚轻（中国人的常用解释），更准确点说，是因为英语是一种形合语言，同时又是一种话题结果凸显语言。形合，位置发生变化，不会阐释歧义；话题结果凸显，把许多人都结婚了，这个主要的事情重点先说。
希望解释对你有帮助。

追问

非常感谢，我还想请问一下：英语中有很多这种语序调换的情况出现，我还见到过一种句子：an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.这句话是把宾语补足语提前。请问英语中还有哪些情况需要调换位置？有没有具体的情形可以列举的？谢谢！

追答

an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.
这个是短语吧。an abstract concept 是主要部分，后边的都是定语从句。

追问

对，就是后面的定语从句内部进行了语序的调换。

追答

还是不多，一般都是正常语序。碰到了能理解就行。

Answer 4

whose 后面接从句是修饰Many people的，即Many people，whose chances to do so were much inferior to Miss Martha's， have married .

另外，从句中 whose chances to do so是的主语，were much inferior to 是谓语，miss martha's是宾语

追问

非常感谢，我还想请问一下：英语中有很多这种语序调换的情况出现，我还见到过一种句子：an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.这句话是把宾语补足语提前。请问英语中还有哪些情况需要调换位置？有没有具体的情形可以列举的？谢谢！

Answer 5

学好从句之前学好句子的成分很重要。