otherwise和because的区别
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Otherwise 另外
Because 因为
Because 因为
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otherwise 是个常用词,也是一个多义词。由于在不同的语境中,otherwise 的含义和用法有着很大的差异,以致不少学生在理解和使用它时经常出错。现将它的用法归纳如下,供大家学习时参考。
一、otherwise 用作连词,意思为“否则;要不然”,相当于 or,or else 或 if not .
例如:
We’ll go early,otherwise we may not get a seat.
我们得早点去,要不然就没有座位了。
Seize the chance,otherwise you will regret it.
抓住机会,要不然你会后悔的。
I was ill that day,otherwise I would have taken part in the sports meet.
那天我病了,否则我会去参加运动会的。
We didn’t know you were in trouble at that time,otherwise we would have given you a hand.
我们当时不知道你遇到了困难,要不然我们会帮助你的。
二、otherwise 用作副词,具有下列意义:
1. 意为“另外;别样”。相当于 differently 或 in another way .例如:
He evidently thinks otherwise.
他显然有不同的想法。
She is otherwise engaged.
她另外有事。
We were going to play football,but it was so hot that we decided to do otherwise.
我们原打算踢足球,可是天气太热,我们就决定去干别的事情了。
2. 意为“在其他方面”。相当于 in other or different ways. 例如:
The rent is high,but otherwise the house is satisfactory.
房租是贵,可这房子在别的方面倒令人满意。
He is noisy,but otherwise a nice boy.
他爱吵闹,但在其他方面倒是个好孩子。
The article is long,but not otherwise blameworthy.
这篇文章就是长,其他倒没什么不好。
3. 意为“相反地;要不然;否则”。相当于 in the other way 或 on the contrary .例如:
He is guilty until proved otherwise.
在证明他无罪之前他是有罪的。
He reminded me of what I should otherwise have forgotten.
幸亏他提醒了我,要不然我就忘了。
I hate her and I won’t pretend otherwise.
我讨厌她,而且我不愿装作喜欢她。
Otherwise he would still be working,because his heart and soul were still in the school room with his students.
否则他还会在教书,因为他的心仍然在课堂上,仍然与学生们在一起。
三、otherwise 用作形容词,具有以下意义:
1. 意为“另外的;不那样的;不同的”。相当于 not as supposed 或 in a different state .例如:
The truth is quite otherwise.
事实真相与此大相径庭。
Our struggle can not be otherwise than victorious.
我们的斗争一定会胜利的。
How can it be otherwise than fatal?
这怎么会不致命呢?
2. 意为“其他方面的;其他性质的”。例如:
Some are wise,some are otherwise.
有些人聪明,有些人则不然。
His students in Chinese literature are also his otherwise teachers.
这些人在中国文学方面是他的学生,可在其他方面却是他的老师。
四、otherwise 组成的短语:
1. and otherwise 意为“等等;及其他”。例如:
In the kindergarten,the children learn singing,dancing,drawing and otherwise.
孩子们在幼儿园里学唱歌、跳舞、画画等等。
She helped me with advice and otherwise.
她用劝告等方式帮助我。
2. or otherwise 意为“或相反;或其反面”。例如:
Everybody has his merits or otherwise.
每个人都有自己的优点和缺点。
He is not concerned with its accuracy or otherwise.
准确与否他不考虑。
because的用法
1. because 表示的是必然的因果关系,语气最强,通常放在主句之后,若需强调则放在主句之前……
2. 通常用来回答 why提出的问题。如:
A:Why can't you do it now?你为什么不现在就做呢?
B:Because I'm too busy. 因为我太忙。
3. 可引导从句作表语。如:
It is because he is foolish. 那是因为他太蠢了。
4. 可用于强调句。如:
It is because he is honest that we likehim. 是因为他诚实我们才喜欢他。
5. not…because…这一结构中的 not 有时否定主句,有时否定从句,一般要根据句子的意思作出正确或合乎逻辑的理解。若not否定主句,最好在because之前用逗号,否则会引起歧义,如下句在没有特定上下文时就有两种解释。如:
I didn't go because I was afraid.
(1) 我没有去是因为怕。
(2) 我不是因为怕才去。
不过若because之前有just修饰,一般认为not 是否定从句而不是主句。如:
You shouldn't get angry just because some people speakill of you. 你不要因为有人说你坏话而生气。
He was not readyto believe something just because Aristotle said so. 他并不只是因为亚里士多德说过如何如何,就轻易相信它。
6. 表示“…的原因是因为…”这一意义时,一般要用下面这样的句型。如:
The reason why he can't come is that he is tired. 他不能来是因为他累了。
在这一结构中尽管不少人认为可将that改用 because, 但也有不少人反对这一用法,学生宜慎用。
7. 汉语习惯上说“因为…所以…”,但在英语里却不能将 so与because 连用。如:
因为下雨,所以我们呆在家里。
正:Because it was raining, we stayed at home.
正:It was raining, so we stayed at home.
误:Because it was raining, so we stayed at home.
8. 用于 because of, 意为“因为”,用法注意:
(1) 是复合介词,其后可接名词、代词、动名词以及由关系代词型的 what 所引导的从句等。如:
He couldn't come because of illness. 他因病不能来。
I said nothing about it, because of his wife'sbeing there. 因为他妻子在那儿,我对此事只字未提。
He knew shewas crying because of what he had said. 他知道她哭是因为他说的话。
注意:
because of不能直接引导从句或后接that引导的从句。如:
他不能来是因为他病了。
正:He can't come because he is ill.
正:He can't come because of his illness.
误:He can't come because of he is ill.
误:He can't come because of that he is ill.
(2) because of 一般引导状语,不引导表语 (引导表语时可用 dueto)。如:
正:His absence is due to the rain. 他因雨未来。
误:His absence is because of the rain.
但是若主语是代词 (不是名词),because of 引出的短语则可用作表语。如:
It is just because of money. 那只是因为钱的原因。
9. 关于 because, since, as, for 的用法区别
(1) . because 可用来回答why提出的问题;可以引导表语从句;可用于强调句等,而其余三者则不行。
(2) because 表示的是必然的因果关系,语气最强,通常放在主句之后,若需强调则放在主句之前;since, as所表示的原因是人们已知的,是对已知事实提供理由,而不表示直接原因。它们引导的从句通常放在主句之前,有时也放在主句之后。如:
As he wasn't ready in time, wewent without him. 因他未及时准备好,我们没等他就先走了。
Since we have no money, it's no good thinking about a holiday. 既然我们没有钱,考虑度假有什么用。
至于 for, 它是并列连词 (其余三者为从属连词),它有时可表示因果关系 (通常要放在主句之后,且可与 because 换用);有时不表示因果关系,而是对前面分句内容的解释或推断 (也要放在主句之后,但不能与 because 换用)。试比较。
①The ground is wet, for (=because) it rained last night. 地面是湿的,因为昨晚下过雨。
②It must have rained last night, for the ground is wetthis morning. 昨晚一定下过雨,你看今天早上地面是湿的。
一、otherwise 用作连词,意思为“否则;要不然”,相当于 or,or else 或 if not .
例如:
We’ll go early,otherwise we may not get a seat.
我们得早点去,要不然就没有座位了。
Seize the chance,otherwise you will regret it.
抓住机会,要不然你会后悔的。
I was ill that day,otherwise I would have taken part in the sports meet.
那天我病了,否则我会去参加运动会的。
We didn’t know you were in trouble at that time,otherwise we would have given you a hand.
我们当时不知道你遇到了困难,要不然我们会帮助你的。
二、otherwise 用作副词,具有下列意义:
1. 意为“另外;别样”。相当于 differently 或 in another way .例如:
He evidently thinks otherwise.
他显然有不同的想法。
She is otherwise engaged.
她另外有事。
We were going to play football,but it was so hot that we decided to do otherwise.
我们原打算踢足球,可是天气太热,我们就决定去干别的事情了。
2. 意为“在其他方面”。相当于 in other or different ways. 例如:
The rent is high,but otherwise the house is satisfactory.
房租是贵,可这房子在别的方面倒令人满意。
He is noisy,but otherwise a nice boy.
他爱吵闹,但在其他方面倒是个好孩子。
The article is long,but not otherwise blameworthy.
这篇文章就是长,其他倒没什么不好。
3. 意为“相反地;要不然;否则”。相当于 in the other way 或 on the contrary .例如:
He is guilty until proved otherwise.
在证明他无罪之前他是有罪的。
He reminded me of what I should otherwise have forgotten.
幸亏他提醒了我,要不然我就忘了。
I hate her and I won’t pretend otherwise.
我讨厌她,而且我不愿装作喜欢她。
Otherwise he would still be working,because his heart and soul were still in the school room with his students.
否则他还会在教书,因为他的心仍然在课堂上,仍然与学生们在一起。
三、otherwise 用作形容词,具有以下意义:
1. 意为“另外的;不那样的;不同的”。相当于 not as supposed 或 in a different state .例如:
The truth is quite otherwise.
事实真相与此大相径庭。
Our struggle can not be otherwise than victorious.
我们的斗争一定会胜利的。
How can it be otherwise than fatal?
这怎么会不致命呢?
2. 意为“其他方面的;其他性质的”。例如:
Some are wise,some are otherwise.
有些人聪明,有些人则不然。
His students in Chinese literature are also his otherwise teachers.
这些人在中国文学方面是他的学生,可在其他方面却是他的老师。
四、otherwise 组成的短语:
1. and otherwise 意为“等等;及其他”。例如:
In the kindergarten,the children learn singing,dancing,drawing and otherwise.
孩子们在幼儿园里学唱歌、跳舞、画画等等。
She helped me with advice and otherwise.
她用劝告等方式帮助我。
2. or otherwise 意为“或相反;或其反面”。例如:
Everybody has his merits or otherwise.
每个人都有自己的优点和缺点。
He is not concerned with its accuracy or otherwise.
准确与否他不考虑。
because的用法
1. because 表示的是必然的因果关系,语气最强,通常放在主句之后,若需强调则放在主句之前……
2. 通常用来回答 why提出的问题。如:
A:Why can't you do it now?你为什么不现在就做呢?
B:Because I'm too busy. 因为我太忙。
3. 可引导从句作表语。如:
It is because he is foolish. 那是因为他太蠢了。
4. 可用于强调句。如:
It is because he is honest that we likehim. 是因为他诚实我们才喜欢他。
5. not…because…这一结构中的 not 有时否定主句,有时否定从句,一般要根据句子的意思作出正确或合乎逻辑的理解。若not否定主句,最好在because之前用逗号,否则会引起歧义,如下句在没有特定上下文时就有两种解释。如:
I didn't go because I was afraid.
(1) 我没有去是因为怕。
(2) 我不是因为怕才去。
不过若because之前有just修饰,一般认为not 是否定从句而不是主句。如:
You shouldn't get angry just because some people speakill of you. 你不要因为有人说你坏话而生气。
He was not readyto believe something just because Aristotle said so. 他并不只是因为亚里士多德说过如何如何,就轻易相信它。
6. 表示“…的原因是因为…”这一意义时,一般要用下面这样的句型。如:
The reason why he can't come is that he is tired. 他不能来是因为他累了。
在这一结构中尽管不少人认为可将that改用 because, 但也有不少人反对这一用法,学生宜慎用。
7. 汉语习惯上说“因为…所以…”,但在英语里却不能将 so与because 连用。如:
因为下雨,所以我们呆在家里。
正:Because it was raining, we stayed at home.
正:It was raining, so we stayed at home.
误:Because it was raining, so we stayed at home.
8. 用于 because of, 意为“因为”,用法注意:
(1) 是复合介词,其后可接名词、代词、动名词以及由关系代词型的 what 所引导的从句等。如:
He couldn't come because of illness. 他因病不能来。
I said nothing about it, because of his wife'sbeing there. 因为他妻子在那儿,我对此事只字未提。
He knew shewas crying because of what he had said. 他知道她哭是因为他说的话。
注意:
because of不能直接引导从句或后接that引导的从句。如:
他不能来是因为他病了。
正:He can't come because he is ill.
正:He can't come because of his illness.
误:He can't come because of he is ill.
误:He can't come because of that he is ill.
(2) because of 一般引导状语,不引导表语 (引导表语时可用 dueto)。如:
正:His absence is due to the rain. 他因雨未来。
误:His absence is because of the rain.
但是若主语是代词 (不是名词),because of 引出的短语则可用作表语。如:
It is just because of money. 那只是因为钱的原因。
9. 关于 because, since, as, for 的用法区别
(1) . because 可用来回答why提出的问题;可以引导表语从句;可用于强调句等,而其余三者则不行。
(2) because 表示的是必然的因果关系,语气最强,通常放在主句之后,若需强调则放在主句之前;since, as所表示的原因是人们已知的,是对已知事实提供理由,而不表示直接原因。它们引导的从句通常放在主句之前,有时也放在主句之后。如:
As he wasn't ready in time, wewent without him. 因他未及时准备好,我们没等他就先走了。
Since we have no money, it's no good thinking about a holiday. 既然我们没有钱,考虑度假有什么用。
至于 for, 它是并列连词 (其余三者为从属连词),它有时可表示因果关系 (通常要放在主句之后,且可与 because 换用);有时不表示因果关系,而是对前面分句内容的解释或推断 (也要放在主句之后,但不能与 because 换用)。试比较。
①The ground is wet, for (=because) it rained last night. 地面是湿的,因为昨晚下过雨。
②It must have rained last night, for the ground is wetthis morning. 昨晚一定下过雨,你看今天早上地面是湿的。
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