who和whoever的区别在哪里?
who 和whoever都可以引导主语从句,只能置于句首,不能用形式主语it代替。
“疑问代词 + ever ”可引导两种类型的从句,即让步状语从句和名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句)。
( 1 )引导让步状语从句。此时 whatever / whoever / whichever 分别等于“ no matter + what / who / which ”。
例如:
Whatever happened, he wouldn't say a word. = No matter what happened, he wouldn't say a word.
注意:这类从句中应用一般现在时表将来,从句中也常用情态动词 may / might .( 2 )引导名词性从句。例如:
Whoever smokes here will be punished. (主语从句)
Beggars will eat whatever they are given. (宾语从句)
Whichever he likes will be given to him. (主语从句)
此时它们都不能换成“ no matter + 疑问词”的形式,但 whoever 等于 anyone who, whatever 等于 anything that.
2. “疑问副词 +ever ”: wherever / whenever / however 一般只能引导一种类型的从句,即让步状语从句,此时它们分别等于“ no matter + where / when / how ”。