托福阅读做题要先整体的读一遍
在目前浩浩荡荡的托福大军中，大家都在纠结着一个问题：做托福阅读 文章 时，要不要先把文章整体读一遍?就这个问题而言，我们的“托儿”们不得不被倚天剑劈成两大帮派：读与不读。下面将会为大家解释为什么要在做托福阅读题目之前要先将文章整体阅读一遍。
托福阅读做题要先整体的读一遍
一、托福阅读考试界面的设置
参加过考试的或是用模考软件做过练习的“托儿”们都清晰的记得：当一篇托福阅读文章问题出现的之前，一定是先以整篇文章的形式出现的，左边并没有显示题目，只有将文章右边的滚动轴拉至最低端，界面才会自动转换为我们做题的界面，即左边是问题，右边是对应的文章。
那么，我们就分析一下为什么ETS有这样的设置?ETS有什么样的意图?ETS想让考生怎么做?这样的设置显而易见ETS是希望考生们可以在做题前将文章大致整体看一遍。就ETS出题的严谨性和科学性而言，这样的设置毋庸置疑是帮助考生提高其做题的速度和正确率的。
我们已经分析完出题人的意图，那么接下来就是要解答界面设置导致的整体阅读有哪些好处，如何帮助考生们答题，如何提高做题速度和正确率的。
二、整体阅读托福阅读文章对summary questions的帮助
对于托福阅读速度不高，英语水平中等或中等以下的“托儿”们普遍反映的一个问题就是：没有时间做最后的summary questions，或是做summary questions的时候不知道到哪里找答案或是正确率低。
我们先来分析一下summary questions，大家都知道这个题型出现在阅读文章的最后一道题，而且是对全文观点的 总结 。那么，既然是对于全篇文章观点的总结，那么它考察的内容是文章的分论点，即一段或是几段的主要内容。
如果是时间不够，考生要直接选，很容易选错，为什么?因为前面的12道题考察的基本上是文章的细节内容。我们都知道细节信息是summary questions的禁忌;所以，凭做题印象直接解题，那么就受前面解题思路的影响，很容易被误导。但如果这时你在做题之前对整篇文章有了一个整体的阅读，并在演草纸上做了大致的笔记，那么summary questions就可以轻而易举的攻破，为什么?怎么做?
首先，整体阅读不是逐字逐句，是scan文章，了解文章框架。
其次，在演草纸上简单快速的写下文章的主论点，若干个分论点(一段或是几段的主要内容)，即大纲。(没必要是完整的 句子 ，可以参照听力记笔记的 方法 ，符合，中英文结合的方法。)
这样，整体阅读的步骤结束后，在演草纸上就能出来一片文章的框架，并且这个框架大纲可以在最短时间能基本解决summary questions中80%。而且可以帮助考生轻松排除summary questions中的错误选项。
综上所述，做题前整体阅读托福阅读文章是极其必要的，希望这篇文章对大家解决托福阅读考试的问题上有所帮助。
托福阅读答题的时候可以看文章吗?
一些没参加过托福考试的同学可能不了解阅读考试的实际流程，比如，托福阅读答题的时候可以看文章吗?
托福阅读考试，大约3-4篇文章，每篇文章长度大约为700词，每篇文章包含10个问题。托福阅读考试过程中你可以返回上一题查看并修改答案。考试的界面上，文章在左边，题目在右边，所以解答过程中都可以查看文章。
托福阅读真题1
It is estimated that over 99 percent of all species that ever existed have become extinct. What causes extinction? When a species is no longer adapted to a changed environment, it may perish. The exact causes of a species' death vary from situation to situation. Rapid ecological change may render an environment hostile to a species. For example, temperatures may change and a species may not be able to adapt. Food resources may be affected by environmental changes, which will then cause problems for a species requiring these resources. Other species may become better adapted to an environment, resulting in competition and, ultimately, in the death of a species.
The fossil record reveals that extinction has occurred throughout the history of Earth. Recent analyses have also revealed that on some occasions many species became extinct at the same time — a mass extinction. One of the best-known examples of mass extinction occurred 65 million years ago with the demise of dinosaurs and many other forms of life. Perhaps the largest mass extinction was the one that occurred 225 million years ago, when approximately 95 percent of all species died, mass extinctions can be caused by a relatively rapid change in the environment and can be worsened by the close interrelationship of many species. If, for example, something were to happen to destroy much of the plankton in the oceans, then the oxygen content of Earth would drop, affection even organisms not living in the oceans. Such a change would probably lead to a mass extinction.
One interesting, and controversial, finding is that extinctions during the past 250 million years have tended to be more intense every 26 million years. This periodic extinction might be due to intersection of the Earth's orbit with a cloud of comets, but this theory is purely speculative. Some researchers have also speculated that extinction may often be random. That is, certain species may be eliminated and others may survive for no particular reason. A species' survival may have nothing to do with its ability or inability to adapt. If so, some of evolutionary history may reflect a sequence of essentially random events.
1. The word it in line 3 refers to
(A) environment
(B) species
(C) extinction
(D) 99 percent
2. The word ultimately in line 8 is closest in meaning to
(A) exceptionally
(B) dramatically
(C) eventually
(D) unfortunately
3. What does the author say in paragraph 1 regarding most species in Earth's history
(A) They have remained basically unchanged from their original forms.
(B) They have been able to adapt to ecological changes.
(C) They have caused rapid change in the environment.
(D) They are no longer in existence.
4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1 as resulting from rapid ecological
change?
(A) Temperature changes
(B) Availability of food resources
(C) Introduction of new species
(D) Competition among species
5. The word demise in line 12 is closest in meaning to
(A) change
(B) recovery
(C) help
(D) death
6. Why is plankton mentioned in line 17?
(A) To demonstrate the interdependence of different species.
(B) To emphasize the importance of food resources in preventing mass extinction.
(C) To illustrate a comparison between organisms that live on the land and those that live in the
ocean.
(D) To point out that certain species could never become extinct.
7. According to paragraph 2, evidence from fossils suggests that
(A) Extinction of species has occurred from time to time throughout Earth's history.
(B) Extinctions on Earth have generally been massive
(C) There has been only one mass extinction in Earth's history.
(D) Dinosaurs became extinct much earlier than scientists originally believed.
8. The word finding in line 20 is closest in meaning to
(A) published information
(B) research method
(C) ongoing experiment
(D) scientific discovery
9. Which of the following can be inferred about the theory mentioned in Line 21-23?
(A) Many scientists could be expected to disagree with it.
(B) Evidence to support the theory has recently been found.
(C) The theory is no longer seriously considered.
(D) Most scientists believe the theory to be accurate.
10. In paragraph 3, the author makes which of the following statements about a species' survival?
(A) It reflects the interrelationship of many species.
(B) It may depend on chance events.
(C) It does not vary greatly from species to species
(D) It is associated with astronomical conditions.
11. According to the passage , it is believed that the largest extinction of a species occurred
(A) 26 million years ago
(B) 65 million years ago
(C) 225 million years ago
(D) 250 million years ago
PASSAGE 77 BCDCD AADAB C
托福阅读真题2
Archaeological discoveries have led some scholars to believe that the first Mesopotamian inventors of writing may have been a people the later Babylonians called Subarians. According to tradition, they came from the north and moved into Uruk in the south. By about 3100 B.C., they were apparently subjugated in southern Mesopotamia by the Sumerians, whose name became synonymous with the region immediately north of the Persian Gulf, in the fertile lower valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates. Here the Sumerians were already well established by the year 3000 B.C. They had invented bronze, an alloy that could be cast in molds, out of which they made tools and weapons. They lived in cities, and they had begun to acquire and use capital. Perhaps most important, the Sumerians adapted writing (probably from the Subarians) into a flexible tool of communication.
Archaeologists have known about the Sumerians for over 150 years. Archaeologists working at Nineveh in northern Mesopotamia in the mid-nineteenth century found many inscribed clay tablets. Some they could decipher because the language was a Semitic one (Akkadian), on which scholars had already been working for a generation. But other tablets were inscribed in another language that was not Semitic and previously unknown. Because these inscriptions made reference to the king of Sumer and Akkad, a scholar suggested that the new language be called Sumerian.
But it was not until the 1890's that archaeologists excavating in city-states well to the south of Nineveh found many thousands of tablets inscribed in Sumerian only. Because the Akkadians thought of Sumerian as a classical language (as ancient Greek and Latin are considered today), they taught it to educated persons and they inscribed vocabulary, translation exercises, and other study aids on tablets. Working from known Akkadian to previously unknown Sumerian, scholars since the 1890's have learned how to read the Sumerian language moderately well. Vast quantities of tablets in Sumerian have been unearthed during the intervening years from numerous sites.
1. According to the passage , the inventors of written language in Mesopotamia were probably
the
(A) Babylonians
(B) Subarians
(C) Akkadians
(D) Sumerians
2. The word subjugated in line 4 is closest in meaning to
(A) distinguished
(B) segregated
(C) concentrated
(D) conquered
3. The phrase synonymous with in line 5 is closest in meaning to
(A) equivalent to
(B) important for
(C) respected in
(D) familiar with
4. According to the passage , by the year 3000 B.C. the Sumerians had already done all of the
following EXCEPT:
(A) They had abandoned the area north of the Persian Gulf.
(B) They had established themselves in cities.
(C) They had started to communicate through
(D) They had created bronze tools and weapons.
5. The word some in line 14 refers to
(A) Archaeologists
(B) Sumerians
(C) years
(D) clay tablets
6. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage concerning the Sumerians?
(A) They were descendants of the Persians.
(B) They were the first people to cultivate the valley of the Tigris.
(C) They were accomplished musicians.
(D) They had the beginnings of an economy.
7. According to the passage , when did archaeologists begin to be able to understand tablets
inscribed in Sumerian?
(A) in the early nineteenth century
(B) more than 150 years ago
(C) after the 1890's
(D) in the mid-eighteenth century
8. According to the passage , in what way did the Sumerian language resemble ancient Greek and
Latin?
(A) It was invented in Mesopotamia.
(B) It became well established around 3000 B.C.
(C) It became a classical language.
(D) It was used exclusively for business transactions.
9. The word excavating in line 19 is closest in meaning to
(A) living
(B) digging
(C) assembling
(D) building
10. According to the passage , how did archaeologists learn to read the Sumerian language?
(A) by translating the work of the Subarians
(B) by using their knowledge of spoken Semitic languages
(C) by comparing Sumerian to other classical languages
(D) by using their knowledge of Akkadian
PASSAGE 78 BDAAD DCCBD
