Question

英语过去完成时用法与特点总结(2)

Answer 1

　　(2)状语从句中

　　在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如：

　　After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.

　　注意： before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。如：

　　After he closed the door, he left the classroom.

　　(3)表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"

　　We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.

　　3. 根据上、下文来判定。

　　I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing.

　　六、过去完成时的语法区别

　　1、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别

　　现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，以现在的时间为基点，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关，其结构为“助动词 have (has) + 过去分词”;过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，以过去时间为基点，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。

　　比较：I have learned 1000 English words so far.到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。

　　I had learned 1000 English words till then.到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。

　　— I'm sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。

　　— Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes.没什么，我只等了几分钟。

　　(“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在)

　　2、 过去完成时与一般过去时的区别

　　虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点：

　　(1)时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”;而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的`时间。

　　比较：They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.

　　They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.

　　(2)在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。

　　She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition.

　　(3)当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用 and 或 but 连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时;另外，在 before ， after ， as soon as 引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。

　　He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper.

　　拓展：英语过去完成时的语法和例题

　　过去完成时是表示过去的过去，通常是用had +过去分词构成了它基本的结构。

　　1）概念 ：表示过去的过去，其构成是had +过去分词构成。

　　2）用法

　　a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。

　　She said (that) she had never been to Paris.

　　b. 状语从句

　　在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。

　　When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.

　　c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"

　　We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.

　　3)过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。

　　He said that he had learned some English before.

　　By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.

　　Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.

　　典型例题

　　The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.

　　A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left

　　答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。

　　注意：

　　had no … when 还没等…… 就……

　　had no sooner… than 刚…… 就……

　　He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.