定语从句与非限定性定语从句的区别是什么?
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限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别:
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
All
the
students
who
study
hard
have
passed.学习努力的学生都考试及格了。(只有努力的及格了,不努力的没及格。)
All
the
students
,who
study
hard
have
passed.所有的学生都及格了,他们学习努力。(没有人不及格,这些学生都很努力。)
从句是先行词不可缺少的定语(如去掉,主句意思就不完整或不正确。)
从句是对先行词的附加说明(如去掉,主句意思仍清楚,不受影响。)
与主句关系密切,不用逗号
与主句关系不十分密切,用逗号与主句隔开译为汉语时,从句译在先行词前,与先行词用“的”连接
译为汉语时,从句放在主句后面关系代词that可以代替who、whom(指人)、which(指物)
关系代词不用that,只用who、whom(指人)、which(指物)
关系代词代替宾语时可以省略
关系代词不能省略关系代词as和which
先研究下面两个例句:
○1.This
elephant
is
like
a
snake,
as
/which
everybody
can
see.
=As
everybody
can
see,
this
elephant
is
like
a
snake.
任何人都看得出来,这头象像条蛇。
○2.Tom
didn’t
pass
the
physics
exam,
which
made
his
parents
very
angry.
Tom物理考试不及格,这使得他父亲很生气。
这两个例句中,as和which所代表的都是整个主句所表示的内容。但有两点不同之处:
1.
在形式上as引导的非限制性定语从句可位于主句的后面,也可位于主句的前面;而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句的后面,不能位于主句的前面。
2.
在意义上,as引导的定语从句和主句的关系一般为一致关系,常译为“正如……”,“就像……”,而which引导的定语从句和主句的关系是因果关系,或which引导的定语从句是对主句的评论。因此,在意思通顺的情况下,which可代替as,而as许多时候不能代替which,如句○2。再如:
1.He
was
late
again,
as
/
which
we
had
expected.
=As
we
had
expected,
he
was
late
again.
正如我们所料,他又迟到了。/他又迟到了这是我们早就料到的。
2.
The
street
hasn’t
been
cleared
for
weeks,
which
makes
it
very
dirty.
街道好多星期没有打扫了,因此整条街很脏。(不用as)
3.The
young
man
cheated
his
friend
of
much
money,
which
was
disgraceful.
那年轻人诈骗了他朋友许多钱财,这是不光彩的。(不
用as)
4.He
takes
exercise
everyday,
which
has
done
a
lot
of
good
to
his
health.
他每天运动,这对他的身体很有好处。(不用as)
5.As
has
already
been
pointed
out,
English
is
rath
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
All
the
students
who
study
hard
have
passed.学习努力的学生都考试及格了。(只有努力的及格了,不努力的没及格。)
All
the
students
,who
study
hard
have
passed.所有的学生都及格了,他们学习努力。(没有人不及格,这些学生都很努力。)
从句是先行词不可缺少的定语(如去掉,主句意思就不完整或不正确。)
从句是对先行词的附加说明(如去掉,主句意思仍清楚,不受影响。)
与主句关系密切,不用逗号
与主句关系不十分密切,用逗号与主句隔开译为汉语时,从句译在先行词前,与先行词用“的”连接
译为汉语时,从句放在主句后面关系代词that可以代替who、whom(指人)、which(指物)
关系代词不用that,只用who、whom(指人)、which(指物)
关系代词代替宾语时可以省略
关系代词不能省略关系代词as和which
先研究下面两个例句:
○1.This
elephant
is
like
a
snake,
as
/which
everybody
can
see.
=As
everybody
can
see,
this
elephant
is
like
a
snake.
任何人都看得出来,这头象像条蛇。
○2.Tom
didn’t
pass
the
physics
exam,
which
made
his
parents
very
angry.
Tom物理考试不及格,这使得他父亲很生气。
这两个例句中,as和which所代表的都是整个主句所表示的内容。但有两点不同之处:
1.
在形式上as引导的非限制性定语从句可位于主句的后面,也可位于主句的前面;而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句的后面,不能位于主句的前面。
2.
在意义上,as引导的定语从句和主句的关系一般为一致关系,常译为“正如……”,“就像……”,而which引导的定语从句和主句的关系是因果关系,或which引导的定语从句是对主句的评论。因此,在意思通顺的情况下,which可代替as,而as许多时候不能代替which,如句○2。再如:
1.He
was
late
again,
as
/
which
we
had
expected.
=As
we
had
expected,
he
was
late
again.
正如我们所料,他又迟到了。/他又迟到了这是我们早就料到的。
2.
The
street
hasn’t
been
cleared
for
weeks,
which
makes
it
very
dirty.
街道好多星期没有打扫了,因此整条街很脏。(不用as)
3.The
young
man
cheated
his
friend
of
much
money,
which
was
disgraceful.
那年轻人诈骗了他朋友许多钱财,这是不光彩的。(不
用as)
4.He
takes
exercise
everyday,
which
has
done
a
lot
of
good
to
his
health.
他每天运动,这对他的身体很有好处。(不用as)
5.As
has
already
been
pointed
out,
English
is
rath
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