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通俗地讲,食物链是各种生物通过一系列吃与被吃的关系,把这种生物与那种生物紧密地联系起来。就像老鹰吃小鸟,小鸟吃虫子,虫子又能分解老鹰的尸体。生态系统中的生物虽然种类繁多,... 通俗地讲,食物链是各种生物通过一系列吃与被吃的关系,把这种生物与那种生物紧密地联系起来。就像老鹰吃小鸟,小鸟吃虫子,虫子又能分解老鹰的尸体。
生态系统中的生物虽然种类繁多,并且在生态系统分别扮演着不同的角色,根据它们在能量和物质运动中所起的作用,可以归纳为生产者、消费者和分解者三类。
生产者主要是绿色植物,能用无机物制造营养,这种功能就是光合作用,也包括一些化能细菌。
消费者属于异养生物,指那些以其他生物或有机物为食的动物,它们直接或间接以植物为食。根据食性不同,可以区分为食草动物和食肉动物两大类。
分解者也是异养生物,主要是各种细菌和真菌它们把复杂的动植物残体分解为简单的化合物,最后分解成无机物归还到环境中去,被生产者再利用。
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More simply, the food chain through a series of various biological relationship between eating and being eaten, the creature with the kind of biological closely linked. Eating birds like eagles, birds eat insects, worms can break down the body of an eagle.
Although ecosystem wide range of biological and ecological systems are playing a different role, according to their energy and material movement in the role, can be summarized as producers, consumers and decomposers three categories.
Producers are mainly green plants can manufacture inorganic nutrients, this function is photosynthesis, can also include some of the bacteria.
Consumers are heterotrophic organisms, refers to those in other biological or organic eating animals, they directly or indirectly on plants for food. According to the different feeding habits, can be divided into two major categories of herbivores and carnivores.
Heterotrophic decomposers are organisms, mostly bacteria and fungi in a variety of complex animal and plant residues are broken down into simple compounds the body, and finally broken down into inorganic substances into the environment to return, re-use by producers.
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