Question

英语中的就近原则是什么意思？

Answer 1

【就近一致原则（Proximity）】
也称“邻近原则”，即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、数”上一致。
（就近原则就是在遇到一些特定的词组或句型后，动词的单数复数看离他最近的那个主语
）
这些词组有not
only...but
also...,
either...or...,
neither...nor...等。
there
be
……句型
，Neither……nor……
，Either……or……，
Not……but……
，Whether……or……
Not
only……but
also……
1.There
be
句型

There
is
a
book
and
some
pencils
on
the
desk.
=There
are
some
pencils
and
a
book
on
the
desk.
类似的还有here 和
This
is
a
man
and
woman
2.neither...nor...

Neither
you
nor
he
is
right.
=
Neither
he
nor
you
are
right.

Neither
you
nor
I
am
wrong.
你和我都没错。
3.either...or...

Either
they
or
Jim
is
going
to
Shanghai
next
Saturday.
=
Either
Jim
or
they
are
going
to
shanghai
next
Saturday.
4.not
only...but
also...

Not
only
Ann
but
also
her
parents
stay
at
home
every
Sunday.
=
Not
only
Ann's
parents
but
also
she
stays
at
home
every
Sunday.

Not
only
the
students
but
also
the
teacher
wishes
for
a
holiday.
不仅是学生，就连老师也期盼一个假期。

Not
only
they
but
also
I
am
keen
on
sports.

【主谓一致现象
】
有一类连接词，其后的谓语动词要与连接词前一部分的主语保持一致。此类连接词有with,
along
with,
together
with,
as
well
as,
besides,
like,
without,
except
(but),
including等。例如：
Tracy,
like
many
girls,
loves
dancing.
特蕾西像很多女孩一样，喜欢跳舞。
All
the
students,
including
Tom,
are
leaving.
所有的学生，包括汤姆都走了。
No
one
except
(but)
me
knows
about
this
news.
除了我没有人知道这个消息。

Answer 2

比如说在使用there
be句型的时候be动词是用单数还是复数就是用就近原则
例如：
There
are
2
dogs
and
1
cat
in
my
house
.
There
is
1
cat
and2
dogs
in
my
house
.
在这两个句子中一个用的是are,
一个是is
,但是表语成分都是复数。
所以这种句型用的就是就近原则，单数靠着there
，there后面就是用is，复数靠着there
后面
就用are
。因此be动词使用什么是看就近接的什么。

Answer 3

就是
there
be句型
根据be动词后的的名词是单数还是复数，来确定是is还是are
例如:there
is
a
book
and
two
pens
on
the
desk.
there
are
two
pens
and
a
book
on
the
desk.
位置的不同，也就代表着谓语动词的不同。

Answer 4

就近原则最常用的是主词后接
be
动词的单/复数
如:
an
apple
;
two
oranges;
three
pears
there
is
an

apple,
two
oranges
and
three
pears
on
the
table.
there
are
two

oranges,
an
apple
and
three
pears
on
the
table.
there

are
three

pears,
two
oranges
and
an
apple
on
the
table.