Question

请高手翻译！！

分水岭是指分隔相邻两个流域的山岭或高地，河水从这里流向两个相反的方向。在自然界中，分水岭较多的是山岭、高原，但也可以是微缓起伏的平原或湖泊，甚至有的河流成为两个流域的分水岭，分水线是分水岭的脊线。它是相邻流域的界线，一般为分水岭最高点的连线。
按形态分为两类：对称和不对称分水岭。对称分水岭的分水线位于分水岭中央 分水岭
，两侧斜坡的坡踩、长度一致。不对称分水岭的分水线偏于分水岭的一侧，两侧斜坡不对称。在自然界中，对称分水岭极为罕见，广泛发育的是不对称分水岭。例如位于位于陕西西安境内的长江和黄河水系的分水岭就是一种对称分水岭
1、地质构造和岩性因素。在年轻的褶皱山区，剥蚀作用还没有完全改变原始的山形，不对称的褶皱两翼必然引起分水岭的不对称。在长期剥蚀区，岩性的差别或断层的影响，也常造成分水岭两侧的不对称。在单斜构造地区，单面山形成的分水岭经常是一坡陡、一坡缓。 2、相邻流域河流基准面位置的高低及其距分水岭的远近。它们直接 分水岭
决定着河流的比降，以及河流的侵蚀能力和山坡的剥蚀速度。一般地说，在分水岭与两侧河流基准面距离相等时，河流基准面位置低的一侧的河流侵蚀和山坡剥蚀能力都强于高的一侧，因而低侧山坡较陡，高侧山坡较缓。同样，在分水岭两侧的河流基准面高度相等时，则河流基准面距分水岭近的一侧坡度大，另一侧坡度小。此外，分水岭两侧降水不均也有影响。雨量多的一侧，河流流量大，地表径流丰富，河流的侵蚀作用或山坡的剥蚀作用都强于另一侧，因而地形较陡。[1]
分水岭由侵蚀后退快的一侧移向侵蚀后退较缓的一侧的现象。多发生在不对称分水岭地区。随着时间的推移,侵蚀速度快的一侧，河流通过溯源侵蚀或侧向侵蚀率先伸入分水岭，使分水岭不断破坏和降低，同时将分水线移向坡度较缓、河流侵蚀能力较弱的一侧，导致分水岭位置 分水岭
的迁移。 分水岭迁移有3种情况： 1、平行河流间分水岭迁移，侵蚀能力大的河流通过侧向侵蚀将分水岭移向另一侧。 2、相背河流间分水岭迁移，两条流向相背河流间的分水岭迁移往往是通过溯源侵蚀方式进行的。 3、垂向河流间分水岭迁移，两条流向相互垂直河流间的分水岭迁移是溯源侵蚀和侧向侵蚀共同作用的结果。[1]\
发生移动
分水线随时间发生移动的分水岭，称为不稳定分水岭；分水线在相当长时期内不因河流侵蚀而发生移动的分水岭，称为稳定分水岭。一般地说，不稳定分水岭的形态显著，范围狭窄， 分水岭
且多受切割破坏，河流的溯源侵蚀已达分水线地带。稳定分水岭上则有一定宽度的平缓地面，离分水线相当距离处才有平行小沟进行侵蚀，沿小沟顶连线以上的分水岭地带为“无侵蚀带”。无侵蚀带的存在与否，是识别稳定分水岭与不稳定分水岭的重要标志。 分水岭迁移是在地质时间尺度上进行的，又称分水岭缓慢迁移。由于河流袭夺、河床加积或其他非河流因素（如冰川作用、风力作用、地壳运动），在短时间内引起河流改道导致分水岭的迁移，称为分水岭快速迁移。[1]

Answer 1

引起地壳及其表面形态不断发生变化的作用，叫做地质作用。
地质作用按其能量的来源，可分为内力作用和外力作用。
内力作用的能量来自于地球内部，主要是放射性元素衰变释放的热量，主要表现为：地壳运动、岩浆活动、变质作用。
地壳运动分为水平运动和垂直运动两种类型。水平运动使地表岩层在某些地方发生弯曲隆起，形成巨大的褶皱山系，如：喜马拉雅山脉、安第斯山脉、落基山脉、阿尔卑斯山脉等；在有些地方则断裂张开，形成裂谷和海洋，如：东非大裂谷、红海、大西洋等。垂直运动使地壳抬升或下沉，引起地表高低起伏和海陆变迁。
岩浆活动能形成岩浆岩，包括喷出岩和侵入岩两种类型，其中喷出岩可以形成火山，如：富士山、乞力马扎罗山等。侵入岩可使地表隆起，有一定起伏。
变质作用能形成变质岩，主要在地壳深处进行，对地表形态影响较小。
外力作用包括：风化作用、侵蚀作用、搬运作用、沉积作用、固结成岩作用。
风化作用使地表形成松散的风化壳，为外力侵蚀作用打下基础。
侵蚀作用是在风化作用的基础上，流水、风、冰川、生物等外力对地表进行的破坏作用。
流水侵蚀能形成沟谷、河谷、喀斯特地貌等，如：长江三峡、黄土高原的千沟万壑、桂林山水、路南石林等。
风力侵蚀能形成风蚀沟谷、风蚀洼地、戈壁、裸岩荒漠等。
冰川侵蚀能形成U型谷、角峰、刃脊等。
海浪侵蚀能形成海蚀崖、海蚀洞、海蚀柱等。
沉积作用主要包括：
流水沉积能形成三角洲、冲积平原等，如：长江三角洲、珠江三角洲、长江中下游平原等。
风力沉积能形成沙漠、黄土堆积等，如：撒哈拉沙漠、塔克拉玛干沙漠、黄土高原等。
固结成岩作用最终形成沉积岩。

Answer 2

Divide refers to separate two adjacent hills or highland, the basin from here to the two opposite directions. In nature, and watershed is more mountains, plateau, but also can be slightly slow the ups and downs of the plain, even some rivers or lakes in the watershed into two basin, water line is watershed ridge. It is adjacent to the river watershed, general its attachment.
According to the form is divided into two categories: symmetrical and asymmetric watershed. Located in the watershed form symmetric watershed central watershed
On the side slope, slope, same length. Asymmetric watershed water tends to divide the line, both side slope asymmetry. In nature, symmetrical watershed, the rare is asymmetric watershed. Located in shaanxi province is located in xian, such as within the territory of the Yangtze river and Yellow River stream watershed is a symmetric watershed
1, geological structures and lithologic factors. In the mountains, young drape denudation function hasn't completely change the original shape and asymmetric drape wings will cause the asymmetry of watershed. In the long term, lithology according to difference, and the influences of fault or cause asymmetry of both sides of the watershed. In single structure area, single form mountain watershed is often a slope steep slope, slowly. 2 and adjacent position datum of river basin and the distance from watershed. They are directly watershed
Determines the slope, and rivers and streams of slope erosion resistance to erosion rate. Generally speaking, both in the river watershed and datum, river equidistant from the side of the low position datum river erosion and slope erosion ability than high side and low side slope steep slope, the high side slower. Also, in both sides of the river watershed datum, highly equal near the river watershed datum from one side, the other side slope gradient. In addition, divide precipitation are uneven sides. The rain, rivers flow more than one side, the rich, the rivers runoff erosion action of erosion hillside or other side effects are stronger, so steep topography. [1]
Divide by erosion of fast moving to one side of the slower erosion. The asymmetric watershed region. With the passage of time, the erosion of the speed of river side by side the traceability erosion or erosion of the watershed, divide continuously, and reduce the damage form will move to the gentler slopes, river erosion ability weak side, leading to divide position watershed
The migration. Divide migration into three categories: 1, parallel to the river watershed between migration and erosion of great capacity by lateral erosion river watershed will move to the other side. 2, river watershed between back to back, two phase transfer between river watershed migration is often through the way of traceability erosion. 3, river watershed between vertical migration, two mutually perpendicular direction river watershed between the traceability erosion and lateral migration is the result of erosion. [1] \
move
Form over time, as the mobile unstable watershed, Water line in a quite long period because of the river and move, called stable watershed. Generally speaking, the instability of the watershed, narrow form, watershed
And more, the river cutting traceability erosion has amounted to form. Stability is a certain width on watershed water from the flat surface, quite a distance line parallel to the small groove, small groove top attachment of watershed zone for more "with" erosion. The existence of the belt without erosion, is to identify the stability and the instability of the watershed watershed. Watershed is in the geological time scale migration on the slow, say again divide move. Due to the river, and from incoming products or other rivers factors (such as the glacier, wind, crustal movement), in a short time, cause in the river watershed, called divide rapid mobility. [1]

Answer 3

我觉得嘛= =~ 是这样的

楼主你分都不给的话 我保证没人翻译以外你会被骂sb...

以上为忠告